Recreation

As a recreation, regeneration or recreation is defined as the recovery of spent forces and restore the performance.

The concept of recovery

The term originally comes from the medical and means " be healthy again." With recovery, the process is generally referred to when a biological organism regenerates after a strenuous activity, after physical fatigue and mental fatigue, but also by injury or disease through a resting phase again and forces collects ( restitution ). For recreation in the biological- medical sense, therefore, mainly a part of sleep, rest (relaxation, Refektio ) and the recovery in the real sense.

Recreation as an economic factor

In sociology, the term but has gained an independent meaning, here is understood to mean the recovery periods that serve to restore social performance. In this form of recreation comes originally from the military sector, and has established itself in the age of industrialization in the context of the work force as an economic resource. In the Production Management relax ( restitution ) is one of the process types to be considered for humans.

Recovery as a basic need

The finding that recovery is not in the service is the ability to work, but a basic need, is a recent one. According to Article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the " right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay " a fundamental human right.

Studies

Breaks are the oldest remedy for fatigue in prolonged strenuous activities. A number of professions, from air traffic controllers to call center agents, regular short breaks are already being practiced. In surgery, breaks were during an operation so far not an issue. A 2011 study published in the Medical School Hannover (MHH ) revealed:

Surgeons have less stress, are more powerful and much less error. Through the breaks, the total operation time is not extended. The surgical team remains during short breaks in the operating room with the patient.

MHH study examined 60 complex minimally invasive surgical procedures in the abdominal cavity ( keyhole surgery ) in children. For the study, the physicians chose a scheme break of 25 to five, that is, every 25 minutes put the surgical team a five-minute break -in. The control group consisted of conventional operations with no breaks. Were investigated various parameters; among other things, the discharge of the stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline and testosterone. In addition, the surgeons had to undergo before and after the operation of concentration and performance tests and make statements about how they assess their performance and fatigue. While the OP their heart rate also was recorded.

"The study shows that short interruptions have consistently positive effects: Surgeons take breaks, significantly fewer stress hormones pour out the amount of cortisone, for example, is 22 percent lower than for those who renounce breaks. And the performance is maintained. This is also the impression that the operators have of themselves. They said that they feel less tired after surgery if they have made ​​short breaks during the procedure. On a consistent performance also points the balanced heart rate, which was measured at the paused surgeon. Operators who interrupt their work regularly, also make fewer mistakes. The error rate is three times lower than that of colleagues who " operate through ".

Despite the initial skepticism among colleagues, the short break scheme has largely prevailed in pediatric surgery at the MHH. "

Recovery operation in the leisure and tourism industry

Since the mid-20th century, the recovery then developed into an independent factor of free time being. Distinction must be made between the terms Recreation:

• Time is the total time outside of work or training time and the time available for the preservation of life (such as sleeping, eating, health care ) are available
• Recreation are the activities of the trol voltage, they can include activities or not

For leisure are not relaxing activities such as education, training, work in the home and DIY, volunteer activities and the like. For recreation, but also includes, for example, the times financed by the professional social system out or medically prescribed measures of recovery or cure that does not take place during leisure time, but are subject to obligations of the working world.

Tourism in the strict sense always includes travel activities, leisure and recreation are also operating at the residence or the immediate living environment instead of ( recreational ). Therefore, a distinction tourism economy which - if each overlapped in large parts - sectors of tourism, leisure and recreation sector sector. Thus, given (worldwide) about as reasons for travel:

• Leisure, recreation and holidays: 50 %
• Visit friends and relatives, health and religion: 26%
• Business reasons, education and training: 16%
• Other: 8%

In tourism marketing has shown, however, that " recreational operation " and " recovery mode" in the reception of clientele two - is also sensible to contradictory - concepts are: While recreational operation encompassed also the sports activities and cultural events in particular ( active holiday ), recovery is to rest focused (Wellness). Therefore trademarks of destination have developed that match the profile recovery. These include for example:

• Health resort as a general award ( Kurfrieden )
• Resort as a tourism predicate in Germany
• Holiday Village to be officially authorize additional designation in Austria

Recreational space and recreational value in space planning and conservation

Recovery has evolved in the modern spatial planning as one of the major claimants to the resources of space. Both modern concepts of leisure, active and sports, and recreation by finding peace, turn out to be equally space-occupying, landscape intensive needs. The recovery calls in urban areas, as well as the country, both distance to settlements, transport and commercial space, but also access to the same, and their own infrastructure (sports facilities and equipment, swimming pools, parking lots and the like ), but also freedom. This occurs in addition to the areas of tourism development (classical tourist areas ) that have emerged since the 1970s, increasingly, the recreation area, which contributes to the increased prosperity and the non- tourist-recreation needs into account, the focus of regional planning.

Play, sport and exercise need occur with this need for rest entirely in conflict. and both types of leisure activities also exert increased pressure on the concerns of conservation of: It is precisely the valuable landscape areas that are most attractive and suitable for recreation. As much but natural landscape of high recreational value, so be recreation and leisure activities of all kinds a nuisance within the meaning of wilderness thought. Here the nature management the central tool for both nature conservation and spatial planning, which for the individual landscapes -. Whether close to town or in the hinterland - develops appropriate use concepts that meet the recreational needs of the people as well as the nature While the nature of human activities in the later 20th century - both economic and recreational purposes - was seen as landscape protection in addition to the natural protection, is the modern biosphere thought of it, the space requirement of the people and the " remaining " nature not as opposites, but together understand.