Reichenbach Abbey (Bavaria)
The monastery Reichenbach am Regen is a monastery of the Brothers of St.. John of God in the municipality of Reichenbach ( Landkreis Cham ) in Bavaria in the diocese of Regensburg.
The Brothers of Charity have the end of the 19th century, a cure - and nursing home set up for mentally and physically disabled people in the buildings of the former convent of the Benedictines, founded in 1118. Today, there is also a vocational school for health education care at the facility.
- 2.1 General
- 2.2 Interior 2.2.1 frescoes
- 2.2.3 High Altar
- 2.2.4 side altars
- 2.2.5 side altars
- 3.1 Priors in Reichenbach since 1890
History of the former Benedictine abbey
Monastic foundation
The Assumption consecrated Benedictine monastery was in 1118 by Margrave Diepoldsberg III. founded by Vohburg and his mother Liutgard, daughter of the Duke Berthold I of Zahringen, wife of Diebold II of Vohburg. Liutgard was responsible for the colonization by Benedictine monks from the Monastery Kastl at Amberg. Reichenbach experienced in the first decades of its existence, an early flowering. Already in 1135 the church was consecrated by Bishop Henry I of Regensburg. The fire of the monastery in 1181 brought a setback, but Reconstruction was completed very quickly. The confirmations of letters of protection by Pope Lucius III. and Emperor Frederick I in 1182 strengthened the legal status of the monastery again.
13th and 14th centuries
After the Wittelsbach family had 1204 taken over the Bailiwick, Reichenbach lost its regional importance. It fell to a country monastery down. In the 14th century took a turn for the better. Under Abbot Frederick II Heinrichsreutter (1320-1346), there was an excellent convent discipline again. This abbot was confessor of Emperor Louis IV and was entrusted by this with the founding of the monastery Ettal.
Gothic construction and Kastler reform
1394 was John Strolenfelser, a member of the Convention Kastler, used as Reformabt and Reichenbach in the period following a reform center. After the introduction of the reform Kastler the abbots, helped in constructional and scientific field Major. Beginning of the 15th century, the monastery was largely rebuilt in the Gothic style and built fortifications. This prevented 1428 and 1433 conquered by the Hussites. By the end of the 15th century the sciences, especially mathematics and astronomy found a special promotion. The astronomical tower northeast of the monastery church is a visible remnant of this effort. And there were also maintained theology and the humanities; the library at that time consisted of about 1,000 volumes.
Monastery repeal and re- emergence
1556 was the first closure of the monastery after Elector Otto Heinrich had introduced the Reformation throughout the Palatinate. The iconoclasts destroyed around 1570 many works of art.
After Maximilian of Bavaria had conquered the Upper Palatinate in 1621 on behalf of the Catholic Emperor, took place in Reichenbach recatholicisation. 1661 attracted the Benedictine again, but still under Electoral Bavarian Administration and from 1669 under the administration of Kloster Sankt Emmeram in Regensburg.
Baroque construction
As of 1695, the monastery was an independent Abbey again. In this second period the Benedictine monastery buildings were built in place of the medieval convent building from scratch and transformed the church in late Baroque style. In the second half of the 18th century, the Benedictine Reichenbach unfolded a lively scientific and literary activities.
Secularization and attempted Benedictine new beginning
These activities culminated in the second dissolution of the monastery, which took place in 1803 during the secularisation of Bavaria. The church has since become a filial church of the parish of forest Erbach. The monastery was state property. It was not until 1820, the buildings were auctioned. The monastery buildings were different uses, including, Heinrich Waffler 1841 an earthenware factory, which he ran until 1863.
At the end of the 19th century for a few years returned again Benedictine life to Kloster Reichenbach back: 1883 was acquired by the Art Speaker of the diocese of Regensburg cathedral vicar George Dengler the monastery, leaving Father Andreas Amrhein from the Benedictine Beuron, which began here with the construction of a Benedictine missionary community (later the Benedictine Congregation of St. Ottilia ); but in 1887 left the Community monastery Reichenbach and founded in Emming am Ammersee the monastery of Saint Ottilia.
List of Benedictine abbots of Reichenbach
From its foundation until the Reformation
- Witigo, 1118-1119, came with the first monks of the Monastery Kastl
- Erchenger, 1119-1176, consecration of the first monastery church in 1135
- Reginboto, 1176-1183
- Henry I, 1183
- Henry II, 1183-1211
- Albert I, 1212-1224
- Walt Mann, 1224-1228
- Henry III. , 1228-1236
- Conrad I, 1236-1239
- Albero II, 1239-1252
- Frederick I, 1252, from monastery Prüfening
- Henry IV, 1252
- Conrad II, Schoenhaintz, 1252
- Dietrich von Runding, 1252/53-1264
- Henry V Katzl, 1264-1267
- Eberhard, 1267-1270
- Wernher I., 1270-1271
- Wernher II, 1271-1293
- Gerung of Burchersdorf, 1293-1295
- Henry VI. , 1295-1301
- Hermann, 1301-1303
- Otto I. Berthold Hofer, 1303-1319
- Frederick Henry Reuther, 1320-1346, was appointed as Visitor of all the monasteries in the diocese of Regensburg; allegedly entrusted by the Emperor Louis of Bavaria, with the colonization of the newly founded monastery of Ettal
- Henry VII Hoheimer, 1348-1356
- Conrad III. Perchtholtzhofer, 1356-1388
- Conrad IV Ratzenhofer, 1388-1394
- John I. Strelnvelser, 1394-1417, from the Monastery Kastl; made Reichenbach Monastery a center of Kastler reform; Redesign of the monastery church (parts of the Gothic choir stalls from 1416 in the monks' choir received )
- Lazarus Krazel, 1417-1418
- Thyemo of stone, 1418-1431, Gothic construction and mounting of the monastery against the Hussites
- Engelhard of Murach, 1431-1436
- John II of Falkenstein, 1436-1461
- Konrad V. Huber, 1473-1480
- Peter I. Munzer, 1480-1509
- Leonhard, 1509-1514 (weaned)
- Frederick IV Brentel, 1514-1517 ( resigned )
- Otto II Black, 1517-1536
- Stephan Treutlingen, 1536-1543; when the abbot, the suspected of embezzlement, fled from the monastery, led the Prior Simon Cholner into office on; 1547 Abbot resigned voluntarily Stephan; He died at the monastery Prüfening
- Michael Kazbeck, 1548-1556, last abbot before cancellation as a result of the Reformation; married and became the first administrator of the monastery's possessions; friends with the humanist and Matthias Kaspar Bruschius Flaccius
From the re-establishment until the secularization
- Odilo Mayrhofer, 1695-1698, from Kloster Sankt Emmeram, first abbot after the restoration of the monastery, the beginning of the Baroque renovation of the church and the monastery buildings
- Bonaventura Oberhuber, 1698-1735, from Tegernsee Abbey; from 1695 abbot of the monastery Ensdorf, which he continued until 1715 as an administrator board after the election as abbot of Reichenbach; 1691-1702 Procurator General of the Bavarian Benedictine Congregation in Rome; could therefore only after his return from Rome officially take possession of the Abbey
- John the Evangelist III. Miller, 1735
- Peter II Besel ( Pesl ), 1735-1738
- Placidus Goeschl, 1738-1745, the beginning of the redesign of the monastery church in the Rococo style in 1742
- Jacob Deimer, 1745-1752, completed the redesign of the monastery church in 1747
- Gregor Haimerl, 1752-1773, associate visitator the Bavarian Benedictine congregation in 1759, 1761 and 1768
- Augustin Meindl, 1773-1801
- Marian Neumiller, 1801-1803, last Abbot of Reichenbach; initially remained back with some Conventual in the monastery; then moved to Amberg, where he died in 1832
Specifications and architectural history of the Benedictine abbey church
General
The Romanesque basilica, which consists of a nave, two aisles and two towers, refers to the Hirsauer Bauschule. The original three apses in the east were in 1300 replaced by a Gothic choir. The Romanesque west work of a Baroque façade was built out in 1716. In the Gothic style of the choir ( 1300 ) to classify the vaulted aisles (15th century) and the elevated steeples.
Interior decoration
From the Romanesque period has been preserved except the two door knockers at the outer portal nothing more. Gothic are the founders Tomb ( 1304) the Marquis Diepoldsberg III. , His mother Luitgard and other family members. On the first pillar of the southern country house is a Gothic Madonna and Child ( about 1420 ), a work of the Soft Style. The famous Christ enthroned, an important Romanesque image factory in Bavaria, is located in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich.
Frescoes
The ceiling frescoes each extend over two yokes and are surrounded by four medallions in the spandrels. All work shall be assigned to the period between the 17th and 18th centuries. Shown is King David, the Adoration of the Shepherds and the Adoration of the Magi. Two curiosities located in the central ceiling painting. A foreleg of a horse is worked out vividly in stucco and a dog can look from all sides in the eye.
The Reichenbach stucco impressed by the shapes and finely tuned color. It consists of strapwork with C - arms, tendrils with green foliage, shell-work, floral garlands and lattice stucco. The groined vault of the aisles are equivalent decorated as the lobby. The stucco will Appiania Jacob (1687 - 1742) attributed.
High altar
The Baroque high altar " Assumption " is attributed to Otto Gebhard. Left of the tabernacle is Saint Benedict and Scholastica sacred right.
Side altars
The altar of the cross and altar both appeared similar. The twisted columns refer to the high altar. The late Gothic statue survived the iconoclasm and is still revered as a holy image. The black crucifix is unique in its kind and an ebony work of the 17th century.
Side altars
In the south aisle is the classical ornamentation ornate Sebastian - Altar ( 1716/18 ). Opposite, in the north aisle is the Saints - clan - altar, which in the making at the Sebastian - refers altar. Also in the southern aisle is from the Rokokkozeit made Benedict - altar ( 18th century). His counterpart is the guardian angel - altar in the north aisle.