Restionaceae

Inflorescences of Restio tetraphyllus

The Restionaceae are a plant family in the order of Süßgrasartigen ( Poales ). Some species are used as ornamental plants in the tropical belt in parks and gardens. As an extinct applies Elegia fastigiata mast., An endemic species of the Cape flora ( South Africa). The oldest pollen finds of the family come from the Upper Cretaceous.

Dissemination

They have a distribution in the southern hemisphere. In South Africa and Australia take the Restionaceae in the natural vegetation, the ecological niches of the grasses ( Poaceae ), Rushes ( Juncaceae ) and sedge family ( Cyperaceae ) a. After colonization by the Europeans were aware of these plant groups (for example, to create grazing land ) or unintentionally partially displaced. The original home of the taxa of the Restionaceae are the tropical and subtropical areas, or rarely the hot temperate areas in southern Africa, Madagascar, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and southern South America. The area is disjointed and largely corresponds to the supercontinent of Gondwana.

Description

There are perennial herbaceous plants with grass-like growth; some species are evergreen. They usually form rhizomes. Some species are Xeromorph. Photosynthesis is often carried out by the stems as the leaves are often greatly reduced. The stalks are often in the shape of nodes and internodes divided (as in the grasses ). The leaves are alternate.

Most taxa are dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ), rarely monoecious. The male and female inflorescences often look different. The small, mostly unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite flowers are triple and radial symmetry to slightly zygomorphic. There are one or usually two circles with each bloom cladding, three or six. Per flower, one, or two or three stamens be present. In the female flowers sometimes staminodes are present. Per female or hermaphrodite flower, there are usually three or more rarely a carpel / leaves.

Are formed capsule fruits or nuts.

The fruits of many species germinate usually made only after a bushfire, the actual trigger (smoke or ash) is not known. The germination rate is despite appropriate environmental conditions often rather low, so that a breeding partially proves to be difficult.

System

To the family of Restionaceae includes 40-58 genera and 400-590 species ( depending whether be outsourced to individual authors genera in other families):

  • Acion BGBriggs & LASJohnson: With only two species in Tasmania
  • Alexgeorgea Carlquist: With about three species in Australia
  • Anthochortus Nees: With seven species in South Africa
  • Apodasmia BGBriggs & LASJohnson: With three or four species, two in Australia, one in New Zealand and one in Chile
  • Askidiosperma Steud. With 12 species in South Africa
  • Calopsis P.Beauv. ex Desv. With about 24 species in South Africa
  • Calorophus Labill. Using two species in Tasmania
  • Cannomois P.Beauv. ex Desv. With about seven species in South Africa
  • Catacolea BGBriggs & LASJohnson: With only one type: Catacolea enodis BGBriggs & LASJohnson, in Western Australia
  • Coleocarya gracilis STBlake, Australia (Queensland )
  • Cytogonidium leptocarpoides ( Benth. ) BGBriggs & LASJohnson, Australia
  • Dielsia stenostachya ( W.Fitzg. ) BGBriggs & LASJohnson, in southern Western Australia
  • Dovea macrocarpa Kunth, in South Africa ( SW Cape )
  • Empodisma LASJohnson & DFCutler: With two species, one in Australia and one in New Zealand
  • Eurychorda BGBriggs & LASJohnson: With only one type: Eurychorda complanata ( R. Br ) BGBriggs & LASJohnson, Australia
  • Guringalia dimorpha ( R. Br ) BGBriggs & LASJohnson, Australia
  • Hydrophilus rattrayi ( Pillans ) HPLinder in South Africa (Cape )
  • Kulinia eludens BGBriggs & LASJohnson, in Western Australia
  • Nevillea Esterh. & HPLinder: With two species in South Africa ( SW Cape )
  • Onychosepalum Steud. With three species in Western Australia
  • Platycaulos HPLinder: With eight species in South Africa ( South Cape )
  • Platychorda BGBriggs & LASJohnson: With two types in Australia
  • Restio Rottb. With about 91 species in Africa and Madagascar
  • Rhodocoma Nees: With six species in South Africa (Cape )
  • Saropsis BGBriggs & LASJohnson: with only one kind in Australia, which is also provided to Chordifex
  • Sporadanthus F.Muell. With about seven species in Australia and New Zealand
  • Staberoha Kunth: With nine species in South Africa ( South Cape )
  • Stenotalis BGBriggs & LASJohnson: With only one type: Stenotalis ramosissima ( Gilg ) BGBriggs & LASJohnson, Australia
  • Taraxis Grossa BGBriggs & LASJohnson, in southwest Western Australia
  • Tyrbastes glaucescens BGBriggs & LASJohnson in Western Australia
  • Winifredia sola LASJohnson & BGBriggs in Tasmania

Taxa of the family of the former Elegiaceae now belong in this family.

Swell

  • The Restionaceae in APWebsite family. (English )
  • The Restionaceae at DELTA of L.Watson and MJDallwitz family. (English )
  • Guofang Wu & Kai Larsen: Restionaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 24, p 2: Online.
  • AL Quirico & BG Briggs: Restionaceae in the Flora of New South Wales: Online.
  • David John Mabberley: The Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press 1987. ISBN 0-521-34060-8
Perennial plant Bushfires in Australia Agricultural Research Service
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