Rhizophoraceae
Cassipourea guianensis Aubl.
The Rhizophoragewächse ( Rhizophoraceae ) are a family of plants within the order of Malpighienartigen ( Malpighiales ). Its distribution area covers the tropics and subtropics. The types of four of the fifteen genera are mangrove trees. A distinction is about 120 to 140 species, the largest number of which is assigned to the genus Cassipourea.
- 3.1 Literature
- 3.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The species of the family Rhizophoraceae are evergreen trees or shrubs.
The most opposite, in threes, in some Cassipourea species standing in whorls on the branches, stalked leaves are simple and have a leathery leaf blade; this is entire or has sinuate, toothed or serrated edges. Characteristic are the often large, interpetiolaren ( = between the petioles growing, connecting them ) stipules, on the side facing the branches glandular at the bottom of attachments ( Kolle Teren ) possess.
Generative features
The flowers appear singly in the leaf axils or are formed of pendant, zymösen, racemose or frets then inflorescences.
The radial symmetry and usually hermaphroditic flowers with a double perianth are usually four to sechszählig ( three to zwanzigzählig in exceptional cases). The most fleshy or leathery, flap-like sepals enclose the flower bud without overlap. The petals are usually hairy, often wear lashes like extensions and can nailed ( at the base strongly narrowed ) be. Each petal encloses one or more stamens. The 8 to 40 stamens are not fused with the petals; the stamens can be fused together at their base. Usually two to five (rarely up to 20) carpels are fused into a top - up inferior ovary. Usually two ovules per ovary chamber are available. The style ends in a capitate or bilobed scar.
There are usually formed fixed - fleshy berry or capsule fruits; in the mangrove species occurs Viviparie. The seeds may have wings. The chlorophyll-containing embryo is straight.
System
The family was erected in 1806 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in Synopsis Plantarum, 2 ( 1), p 2. Type genus and thus eponymous genus Rhizophora. Synonyms for Rhizophoraceae pers. are: Cassipoureaceae J.Agardh, Legnotidaceae Endl, Macarisiaceae J.Agardh, Paletuvieraceae Lam.. ex T.Post & Kuntze.
The Rhizophoraceae family is divided into three tribes with a total of about 16 genera:
- Tribus Gynotrocheae: With four genera and about 40 species. Terrestrial. Madagascar and Asia: Carallia Roxb. With about ten species.
- Crossostylis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. With about 12 species
- Gynotroches flower: With probably only one type: Gynotroches axillary flower; it occurs in Southeast Asia
- Anopyxis (Pierre ) Engl: With only one type: Anopyxis klaineana (Pierre) Pierre ex Engl; they occur in tropical Africa
- Anstrutheria africana Benth.; it occurs in Africa
- Blepharistemma serratum ( Dennst. ) Suresh; it occurs in South Asia
- Comiphyton gabonense Floret; it occurs in Gabon
- Bruguiera Savigny: With about six species.
- Ceriops Arn. With about five species.
- Kandelia ( DC.) Wight & Arn. With only two allopatric species.
- Rhizophora L.: With eight or nine species.
The monophyly of Gynotrocheae and Macarisiae has been doubted, but is confirmed by molecular genetic studies ( rbcL ); therefore Macarisiae are the other two taxa compared to a sister group. The commonly asked to the family of Euphorbiaceae Brazilian genus Paradrypetes with only two species seem molecular genetic findings, according to belong to the Rhizophoraceae.
The oldest fossil evidence of this safe family come from the Londonton ( Eocene ). In addition, only a few are the same age or younger individual finds, including from Egypt and Trinidad known.
Swell
- The Rhizophoraceae on the APWebsite the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group family. ( Section systematics and description)
- The Rhizophoraceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )
- Haining Qin & David E. Boufford: Rhizophoraceae in the Flora of China, Volume 13, 2007, p 295: Online. ( Description section )