Rhodobacteraceae

The Rhodobacteraceae form a family within the Alphaproteobacteria. They form the order of the Rhodobacterales together with the family of Hyphomonadaceae. Many species, such as Rhodobacter are photosynthetically active and are among the non- sulfur purple bacteria.

Features

The Rhodobacteraceae, like all Proteobacteria Gram- negative. There occur ovoid or rod-shaped cells, Amaricoccus is kokkenförmig. Some species reproduce by budding. Instead of the typical for most bacterial species binary cell division, resulting from the two more or less equally shaped and cells of equal size, a first smaller daughter cell that remains connected to the mother cell forms some time. Here, the daughter cell does not grow uniformly, but polar, at a certain point. For the budding types include aquatilis eg Rhodobacter blasticus and Gemmobacter.

Some members are flagellated and mobile, also unbegeißelte representatives as Methylarcula are available. It is usually the bacteriochlorophyll a present. Many species are found in fresh or salt water, but also in other habitats such as soil (eg Paracoccus ), wastewater ( Amaricoccus ) or brackish water ( Ahrensia ) occur representative. Some are dependent on oxygen, so strictly aerobob. Others are facultative anaerobes, that also show the absence of oxygen growth.

Metabolism

Physiologically, Rhodobacteraceae are very diverse. Some species are found on the so-called non- sulfur purple bacteria. An important feature of these non- monophyletic groups of different proteobacteria is the ability to photoheterotrophy, here serves as light energy and organic matter as a carbon source. Photosynthesis runs anoxygen, there is no oxygen released. Many types of Rhodobacteraceae, as well as other non- sulfur purple bacteria can also grow photoautotrophically, then carbon is recovered by CO2 fixation. Some types use in certain circumstances, for the photosynthesis certain sulfur compounds such as thiosulfates, sulfides, or as electron donors. Examples of this are many types of Rhodobacter and the type Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. The use of sulfur compounds, unlike the name suggests, prevalent among the non- sulfur purple bacteria. In all types of phototrophic Rhodobacteraceae the bacteriochlorophyll a is included. Not all Rhodobacteriaceae are capable of photosynthesis, the Chemoorganotrophie ( respiratory metabolism ) is also encountered in the Rhodobacteraceae. An example is Gemmobacter. Some anaerobic representatives are capable of fermenting. Itself optionally methylotrophic bacteria are present, such as types of Methylarcula. They can use molecules that do not contain a direct carbon -carbon bond as the sole carbon source for growth and energy gain. Such compounds include, for example, Dimethylamine ( can be used by Methylarcula terricola ) and methylamine ( used by Methylarcula marina).

Also denitrifiers are present in the family, such as Paracoccus denitrificans and Rhodobacter azotoformans.

System

Various genres, such as Hyphomonas were ( also in the order Rhodobacterales ) provided to the newly created family Hyphomonadaceae.

Genera of Rhodobacteraceae are:

  • Ahrensia Uchino et al. 1999
  • Albidovulum Albuquerque et al. 2003
  • Amaricoccus Maszenan et al. 1997
  • Antarctobacter Labrenz et al. 1998
  • Catellibacterium Tanaka et al. 2004
  • Citreicella Sorokin et al. 2006
  • Dinoroseobacter Biebl et al. 2005
  • Haematobacter Helsel et al. 2007
  • Jannaschia Wagner- Dobler et al. 2003
  • Ketogulonicigenium Urbance et al. 2001
  • Loktanella Van Bustard et al. 2004
  • Maribius Choi et al. 2007
  • Marinosulfonomonas Holmes et al. 1997
  • Marinovum Martens et al. 2006
  • Methylarcula Doronina et al. 2000
  • Nereida Pujalte et al. 2005
  • Nesiotobacter Donachie et al. 2006
  • Oceanibulbus Wagner- Dobler et al. 2004
  • Oceanicola Cho and Giovannoni 2004
  • Octadecabacter Gosink et al. 1998
  • Palleronia Martinez - Checa et al. 2005
  • Pannonibacter Borsodi et al. 2003
  • Paracoccus Davis 1969
  • Pelagibaca Cho and Giovannoni 2006
  • Phaeobacter Martens et al. 2006
  • Pseudorhodobacter Uchino et al. 2003
  • Pseudoruegeria Yoon et al. 2007
  • Pseudovibrio Shieh et al. 2004
  • Rhodobaca Milford et al. 2001
  • Rhodobacter Imhoff et al. 1984
  • Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al. 1998
  • Rhodovulum Hiraishi and Ueda 1994
  • Roseibacterium Suzuki et al. 2006
  • Roseibium Suzuki et al. 2000
  • Roseicyclus Rathgeber et al. 2005
  • Roseinatronobacter Sorokin et al. 2000
  • Roseisalinus Labrenz et al. 2005
  • Roseivivax Suzuki et al. 1999
  • Roseobacter Shiba 1991
  • Roseovarius Labrenz et al. 1999
  • Rubellimicrobium Denner et al. 2006
  • Rubrimonas Suzuki et al. 1999
  • Ruegeria Uchino et al. 1999
  • Sagittula Gonzalez et al. 1997
  • Silicibacter Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999
  • Staleya Staleya Labrenz et al. 2000
  • Stappia Uchino et al. 1999
  • Sulfitobacter Sorokin 1996
  • Tateyamaria Kurahashi and Yokota 2007
  • Tetracoccus Blackall et al. 1997
  • Thalassobius Arahal et al. 2005
  • Thalassobacter Macian et al. 2005
  • Thioclava Sorokin et al. 2005
  • Yangia Dai et al. 2006

Swell

Fermentation
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