Richard Anschütz

Carl Johann Philipp Noé Richard Anschütz ( born March 10, 1852 in Darmstadt, † January 8, 1937 ) was a German chemist and professor.

• 3.1 As a writer
• 3.2 As editor

Life

He studied from 1870 natural sciences, especially chemistry in Darmstadt, Heidelberg and Tübingen, and in 1874 in Heidelberg, Dr. phil. doctorate. The following year he became an assistant of Kekulé and his habilitation ( About phenanthrene, and a law of Pyrokondensation ) to 1878. Anschütz 1882 was Teaching Assistant, 1884, he was in Bonn ao Professor of Organic Chemistry and after the departure of Otto Wallach in 1889 conductor of practical exercises at the University laboratory. In 1887 he was elected a member of the Scholars Academy Leopoldina. After the death of Kekulé in 1896 Anschütz was his successor at Bonn University on April 1, 1898. He was there institute director and associate professor of chemistry until 1922 ( retirement ). In 1906 he was in Aberdeen for Dr. jur. E. H. appointed as Dr.- Ing. E. H. at the Technical University in Darmstadt.

Anschütz supervised in his career, 100 graduate students.

He edited the textbook on organic chemistry by V. Richter. The textbook of organic chemistry by Anschütz judge was one of the major textbooks of organic chemistry for many years.

Richard Anschütz is the father of Ludwig Anschütz (1889-1954), formerly professor of organic chemistry at the German Technical University in Brno.

Scientific work

Maleic acid and fumaric acid

Anschütz dealt with Kekulé first with the unsaturated carboxylic acids fumaric acid and maleic acid. So far, only the esters of fumaric acid were known. However, it was known that the salts of fumaric acid, and maleic acid have different physical properties (melting points) owned. Anschütz realized that small traces of iodine in the reaction of maleic acid salts with ethyl iodide were sufficient to achieve a rearrangement to fumaric acid esters. The exclusion of iodine Anschütz could produce pure ethyl maleate. By oxidation of fumaric acid with potassium permanganate S. Tanatar had received a Dioxosäure. Anschütz and Kekulé demonstrated that the resulting acid was optically active tartaric acid. In reaction of maleic acid with potassium permanganate was the optically inactive meso-tartaric acid obtained. Anschütz was now interested in the chemical constitution of maleic acid, fumaric acid, optically active and the optically inactive tartaric acid. He showed that, in the optically active tartaric acid no intermolecular binding between two molecules of tartaric acid is present, but that the tartaric acid is present only as a salt from two molecules of the optically active tartaric acid. (Proof as Diacetylmethylester by vapor pressure). For the preparation of acid anhydrides in the syntheses of acetyl chloride was used. Later, he summed up his results together stereochemistry of fumaric acid and maleic acid.

Oxalic acid

For the preparation of oxalic acid oxalic Anschiitz heated to 100 ° C; while there was an elimination of water with anhydride formation. Anhydrous oxalic acid proved to be a good condensing agent for chemical reactions. Alkyloxalsäure was formed by the action of alcohol. Conversion using phosphorus pentachloride and distilling he received Alkyloxalsäurechloride next Dichloroxalsäureester. From the Dichloroxalsäureester the Tetraalkyloxalsäureester could be shown after reaction with sodium ethoxide.

Others

By oxidation of phenanthrene phenanthrene could be shown. In the absence of liquor, the diphenic could be represented by further oxidation with potassium permanganate. Under Base influence, however, was the Diphenylenketon ( fluorenone ).

His research group has found a Anthracendarstellung from benzene, aluminum and tetrabromoethane by Friedel -Crafts alkylation. With 1,1-dichloroethane, benzene and aluminum, the 9,10- dimethylanthracene could be shown. The replacement of benzene by toluene or xylene repeatedly yielded alkylated anthracene.

Anschiitz further examined the action of phosphorus trihalide and phosphorus pentachloride to phenols. It sometimes distillable acid esters were obtained.

1896 succeeded in elucidating the structure of tartrazine.

Numerous laboratory instruments were further developed by him; are still used in many ways the so-called Anschütz essay ( two-neck top, Anschütz ) and the thrust to Anschütz - Thiele.

Publications

As the author

• August Kekulé. Volume 1: Life and work. Verlag Chemie, Berlin 1929
• August Kekulé. Volume 2: papers, reports, reviews, articles, speeches. Verlag Chemie, Berlin 1929
• The importance of chemistry for the World War. Cohen, Bonn 1915
• Together with Thomas Carnelly / August Friedrich Karl Himly / G. Schultz: To determine the melting point. In: Journal of Analytical Chemistry. ( Springer (Ed.) ), December 1, 1878, pp. 468-471

As editor

• Josef Loschmidt: Constitution formulas of organic chemistry in graphical representation. W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1913
• Viktor Richter: Chemistry of carbon compounds or organic chemistry. 2 volumes, Geest & Portig, Leipzig 1949