Rock-paper-scissors

Rock, paper, scissors (including bells, whistles, Schnuck; Ching, Chang, Chong, click, clack, cluck, Rock breaks scissors; Schnibbeln, Dice or Schniekern ) is a worldwide popular puzzle game that is popular with both children and adults. Each of the two counterparties opts for a symbol that is displayed simultaneously with the hand. Since you can win every symbol against one another and lose to another, the game outcome is uncertain, as no player knows which symbols for the other players will choose. It is because of its simplicity, analogous to the coin toss, also often used as the basis for a decision for one person, for example, the question of who goes first in a game.

• 5.1 Four gestures
• 5.2 Five gestures
• 5.3 Other Extensions

• 6.1 Japanese determining profits
• 6.2 Mora / Morra
• 6.3 Even and Odd

Gameplay

Basic rules

Single game

The game is played entirely with your hands. Hand postures are associated with symbols that mutually " beat " can. The three main characters are, stone scissors and paper. The paper is illustrated by a flat hand with fingers unexpanded, the symbol of scissors is the spread index and middle fingers, and the stone is symbolized by a fist. The significance of the symbols against each other results from the each sitter: the scissors cuts the paper ( = scissors wins), the Paper wraps stone a ( = paper wins), and the stone blunts the scissors ( = stone wins). In making both players for the same symbol, the game is a draw and repeated.

Games and matches ( Rubbers )

If rock-scissors- paper played in a competition, one can proceed as follows:

• Game: Who Wins the first two counts, wins a game ( game).
• Match, Rubber: Who will win the first two games wins the match or the Rubber.

Games and matches therefore correspond to a best-of -three mode, hence the name rubber.

Aim of the game

The aim of the game is to have a higher hand position than the opponent. Thus, neither player gets a disadvantage by premature showing his hand position, both players move her right hand still clenched into a fist up and down and talk together while the name of the game, count to three, or the like. This movement is used for voltage and is also a rhythmic synchronization help. Simultaneously with the last word of the game's name (paper, Schnuck, Chong or Kluck ) disclose the players each other's hand position. In a modified form of the players hakeln when synchronizing each other their little finger.

Logic and psychology of the game

If man could be purely randomly select one of three different characters, the game would be a game of chance. But pure random drawing is not possible, since man can always be influenced by his thoughts, and thus there is the added psychological and tactical component that you can try to assess the behavior of the opponent. For example, taking a player does not like the same thing twice in succession or symbol has a certain preference for one of the symbols. So in order to increase his own chances of winning, you have to prevent the opponent can sense their own choice, he must therefore select his figures at random. If he so thinks he can guess at the figures of the opponent ( he could think, for example, that the opponent after he has been elected three times to stone, which also makes a fourth time ) and he adjusts to this by this time paper chooses, he moves away from the accident. Thus he becomes vulnerable because the opponent might expect and instead of the fourth times selects the stone scissors. Professional players therefore place before the tournaments their order of figures firmly and remember these lists, so-called Gambit, which are then played through from top to bottom in the tournament.

The scissors Statistically selected in the "scissors, paper, stone " World Championship on rare 29.6 %.

History of the game

The origin of the game is still not fully understood and controversial. It is believed that it was played in Japan for centuries and has come to Europe in the 19th century. In 1842, the "scissors, paper, stone " Club was founded in London, who moved to Toronto in 1918. Just seven years later, the club had over 10,000 members. Since 2002, takes place every year the World Cup in Toronto.

Extensions

Four gestures

Occasionally there are other versions with more possible hand postures. The figures to be extended, for example, around the fountain. The fountain of thumbs up with the remaining fingers a circle. If you select a player of the fountain, so he wins against the stone, and both fall into the well, the scissors, but loses to the paper that covers the well.

The fact that the game has been extended to the figure well, the balance of odds shifts. If there are now four symbols allowed, the odds may not be great at all the same as each figure against three other gets a result, instead of against two, as in the variant without wells.

When we look in this representation each other the significance of the figures, it is noticeable that the figures win paper and fountain each twice and losing only once. Comparing the stone and the fountain, it is noticeable that they both lose to the paper and win against the scissors, in a direct comparison of the stone but draws the short straw. Fountain is so against no icon worse than stone, but even better. Game theory is well a dominant strategy to stone. In other words, that there is no situation in which it would be advisable to choose the stone. If the stone so would no longer be elected, you would back the initial situation, in which each character once wins against each other and loses (see table below, in which the strategy stone was eliminated and an equivalent to the initial situation rock -paper-scissors game sets ).

Five gestures

With this expansion, there are five symbols and there are, as in the basic version is no " better " symbols. The probability of identical symbols decreases it.

The match will be shown with an outstretched index finger. It burns the paper and swims in the well, so wins. But it will smash the stone and cut of the scissors, and it loses. Overall, the result is:

One by The Big Bang Theory Series Known and reached cult status enjoying variant of this is rock-paper - scissors - lizard - Spock (English Rock Paper-Scissors -Lizard - Spock ), in the match against the lizard and the fountain by the greeting gesture the Vulcan Mr. Spock are exchanged: scissors cuts paper, paper covers rock, rock crushes lizard, lizard poisons Spock, Spock smashes scissors, scissors decapitates lizard, lizard eats paper, paper disproves Spock, Spock vaporizes rock and stone grinds scissors. It was invented by the American Internet pioneer Sam Kass along with Karen Bryla.

Other extensions

The game can be supplemented by other hands. So it is partly quite common to include figures like fire into play. The addition of many more characters complicates the game and therefore the playability. The benefit is sometimes explained by the fact that it is less likely to show two of the same symbols and thus to produce a draw.

Modifications and variants

In addition to the well -known change in the above-mentioned supplement through the fountain, there is often even more additions by symbols such as fire or the like. Often the game will be played so that only who has won a round that has reached the first of three points or more. There are also variants where the rhythm can not get out of sync and you lost after each round with a physical deficiency needs ( for example, on one leg ) continue playing or where you have to take off one garment after a defeat.

Japanese determining profits

In a widespread Japanese version of the game, the round is won at a superiority of a gesture by no means. For this you have already guessed, the viewing direction in which the loser is going to look at the third accent also a rhythmic spoken verse. To this end, the supposed winner keeps his index finger in front of the nose of the opponent and speaks in the same bar as before the syllables " Atchi - Muite Hoi ". On " Hoi ", both players must decide at the same time for one direction, ie up, down, left or right. The loser of the preliminary round must abruptly turn his head into one of the four directions on the syllable " Hoi ", the potential winner is pointing with his index finger in a spontaneously chosen direction. Only when a match a victory point goes to the winner, otherwise also known as " Jan- Ken - Pon " usual preliminaries (only stone, scissors, paper) is a draw. You can often stop the defeat as yet.

Mora / Morra

Especially in Italy, but also in other southern countries, the finger Morra game or Mora is known. Although the game is not clear from rock-paper- scissors, there are certain similarities. In this game, both players decide how many fingers of one hand, they show the enemy while trying to guess the total number of fingers. Who called the correct total number of fingers shown by both, has won the game and gets a point. Similar to rock, paper, scissors is also played here until one player has reached an agreed point total.

Even and Odd

Rock-scissors- paper - principle

Sometimes is of the " rock-scissors- paper - principle " is mentioned, usually in the context of strategy games. By this is meant that a combat unit is superior to certain units, inferior to others on the other hand, without these would generally too weak or too strong. This principle ensures that strategic planning must be applied to compensate for the weaknesses of one unit by another, and made ​​possible by the resulting whole variety of different tactical maneuvers; today it is therefore part of the most battle and strategy games. Example: Cavalry wins against archers, archers against infantry, infantry against cavalry.

Mathematically it is the " rock-scissors- paper - principle " to a intransitive relation.