Rosoideae

Clusius cinquefoil ( Potentilla clusiana )

The Rosoideae are a subfamily within the rose family ( Rosaceae ).

  • 2.1 Molecular genetic systematization
  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The representatives of the Rosoideae are perennial, rarely annual herbaceous plants, shrubs or rarely trees. The leaves are alternate and are assembled in the rule. Stipules are present, but frequently lapses.

Flowers

The different types of Rosoideae are diverse and vary greatly in the number of floral organs and circles. However, most types of Rosoideae have fivefold flowers, so that the individual floral organs ( stamens, petals, sometimes carpels ) may occur as a multiple of 5. Accordingly, the apparatus show the perianth usually shows a Kronblattkreis with consequent five petals, five sepals and a multiple of 5 (up to 200 for example, the dog rose Rosa canina ) in the stamen circles. In contrast, the number of carpels is sometimes up to a reduced, but can also include 20 carpels as in the raspberry (Rubus idaeus ) by up to four carpel circles.

The carpels are not fused in the rule, but stand individually ( apokarp ) collected in the cup- like base of the flower retracted ( hypanthium ). The hypanthium is considered evolutionary innovation within the Rosoideae; therefore, it does not occur in more primitive species such as meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria ). If vorhamden, the flower cup ( hypanthium ) is sometimes enlarged, but never fused with the carpels.

The taxon Rosoideae was first published in 1832 by George Arnott Walker Arnott in the 7th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Due to the morphological diversity of Rosoideae and the Rosaceae overall classifications have been modified repeatedly. Accordingly, even laymen can easily have the historically conditioned different assignments and characterizations of Rosoideae problems with orientation in this group.

Molecular genetic systematization

Due to the recent possibilities for comprehensive gene sequencing, it was possible to analyze the genetic relationships between the different species of the Rosaceae. On this basis, several proposals for molecular rearrangement of taxa have been made since 2008, of which the Rosoideae were only marginally affected. The system looks like as follows:

  • Meadowsweet ( Filipendula Mill )
  • Supertribus Rosodae T.Eriksson, Smedmark & MSKerr: it includes from two independent genera and three tribes: Roses ( Rosa L. )
  • Rubus L.
  • Tribus Sanguisorbeae: Subtribe Agrimoniinae: Agrimony ( Agrimonia L.)
  • Aremonien ( Aremonia Necker ex DC. )
  • Hagenia J. F. Gmelin
  • Leucosidea Ecklon & Zeyher
  • Spenceria Trimen
  • Stachelnüsschen ( Acaena Mutis ex L.)
  • Cliffortia L.
  • Ruiz & Pavón Margyricarpus (including Tetraglochin Poeppig )
  • Polylepis Ruiz & Pavón
  • Burnet ( Sanguisorba L.)
  • Poteridium Spach
  • Poterium L. (incl. Bencomia Webb & Berth. , Marcetella Svent. , Dendriopoterium Svent. , Sarcopoterium Spach )
  • Finger herb ( Potentilla L.) (including Argentina Hill, Comarella Rydb., Duchesnea Sm, Horkelia Cham. & Schltdl. , Horkeliella ( Rydb. ) Rydb., Ivesia Torr. & A. Gray, Purpusia Brandegee, Stellariopsis ( Baill. ) Rydb. )
  • Subtribe Fragariinae: Comarum L. (incl. Farinopsis Chrtek & Soják )
  • Drymocallis Fourr. ex Rydb.
  • Yellow Linge ( Sibbaldia L.)
  • Sibbaldiopsis Rydb.
  • Chamaerhodos Bunge
  • Strawberries (Fragaria L.)
  • Lady's mantle ( Alchemilla L.) (including arable lady's mantle ( Aphanes L.), Pool Milla ( Focke ) Rydb., Zygalchemilla Rydb. )
  • Potaninia Maxim.
  • Sibbaldianthe Juz. (including Schistophyllidium ( Juz. ex Fed. ) Ikonn. )
  • Cloves Wurzen ( Geum L.) (incl. Acomastylis Greene, Novosieversia F.Bolle, Oncostylus ( Schltdl. ) F. Bolle, Orthurus Juz. , Taihangia TTYu & CL Li, Coluria R.Br., Waldsteinien ( Waldsteinia Willd. ) )
  • Sieversia Willd.
  • Fallugia Endl.

Documents

  • D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Volume 266, 2007, pp. 5-43, doi: 10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9.
Rosids Rosales Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu Perennial plant Digital Object Identifier Gustav Hegi
693613
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