Royal Audiencia of Quito
The Real Audiencia de Quito (Eng. Royal Audience of Quito ) was a judicial district (Real Audiencia ) of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The congruent administrative unit called Presidencia de Quito, it was also the province Quito (Provincia de Quito ) called. Supreme Highness was the (court ) President and General Captain. The territory corresponded in large parts of the present-day Ecuador, its colonial predecessor she was, and today Peru and Colombia belonging to areas particularly in the Amazon basin. The Real Audiencia de Quito bordered to the south by the Real Audiencia de Lima and the north by the Real Audiencia de Santa Fé de Bogotá.
The Real Audiencia was founded in 1563 with headquarters in Quito and took the place of 1533 furnished governorship (Spanish Gobernación ). In 1592 it came in Quito for " sales tax revolution " (Spanish: Revolución de las Alcabalas ), which was supported by the community of mestizos in Quito, which already had a considerable size and a private sense of identity. On this basis, they protested against them viewed as an abuse of administrative practices of the Spaniards against them and hated group of newcomers ( chapetones ), they exercised.
The Real Audiencia was in the economic system of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which provided mainly mining products to Spain, involved. Your case came before the role of the textile producers. In addition to the spinning and weaving were, of course, agriculture and sheep farming in their frame of meaning. The port of Guayaquil was in the 17th century one of the most important shipyard locations in America. He experienced since the 18th century a slow decline, partly because new trade routes Guayaquil did not happen, and by tax increases and other policy measures to consolidate the state treasury in Madrid, which also went to the expense of the colonies. The trade monopolies of Spain adopted particular met the Real Audiencia, and especially the northern Andes region around Quito difficult because they cut their export potential, particularly in the textile sector and the closure of many woolen mills, where the region was specialized conditional.
Culturally, the school of Quito sculpture and painting is emphasized, which became important in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially through the sacred art of the painter Miguel de Santiago and the sculptor Bernardo Legarda and Caspicara.
The Real Audiencia de Quito was abolished on May 25, 1822, after the royal troops had been defeated in the decisive Battle of Pichincha against independence fighters under Antonio José de Sucre.
President of the Real Audiencia
- Hernando de Santillan (1563-1571)
- Lope Díez de Armendáriz (1571-1574)
- Gracía Pedro de Valverde (1574-1578)
- Diego de Narváez (1578-1581)
- Manuel Barros de San Millán (1587-1593)
- Esteban Marañón (1593-1599)
- Miguel de Ibarra (1600-1608)
- Juan Fernández de Recalde (1609-1612)
- Antonio de Morga (1615-1624 - 1627-1636)
- Alonso Pérez de Salazar (1637-1642)
- Juan de Lizaraza (1642-1645)
- Martín de Arriola (1645-1652)
- Pedro Vásquez de Velasco (1655-1661)
- Antonio Fernández de Heredia (1662-1665)
- Diego del Corro Carrascal (1670-1673)
- Lope Antonio de Munive (1678-1689)
- Mateo de la Mata Ponce de León (1691-1703)
- Francisco López Dicastillo (1703-1705)
- Juan de Sosaya (1707-1714)
- Santiago Larrain (1715-1718 - 1722-1728)
- 1718-1722 repeal of the Real Audiencia
- Dionisio de Alceda (1728-1736)
- José de Araujo (1736-1745)
- Fernando Sánchez de Orellana (1745-1753)
- Juan Pío de Montúfar (1753-1761)
- José Diguja (1767-1778)
- José García de León (1778-1784)
- José de Villalengua (1784-1790)
- Antonio Mon y Velarde (1790-1791)
- Luis Muñoz de Guzmán (1791-1798)
- Luis Héctor de Carondelet (1799-1807)
- Manuel de Urriez, Count Ruiz de Castilla (1807-1809)
- Supreme Junta (1809, President Juan Pío Montúfar )
- Manuel de Urriez, Count Ruiz de Castilla (1809-1811)
- Sovereign Junta (1811-1812, President: Jose Cuero y Caicedo )
- Toribio Montes (1812-1817)
- Juan Ramírez de Orosco (1817-1819)
- Melchor Aymerich (1819-1821)
- Juan de la Cruz Mourgeón (1821-1822)
- Melchor Aymerich (1822 )