Ruff (clothing)

The cervical collar ( also ruff, Fraise, Duttenkragen, millstone ) was created as part of the clothing in the 16th century from the drawn conclusion in frilly collar. The ruff was usually emerge from white linen, with a curling iron tubular romped (whistling collar) and partly very expansive (hence millstone collar). Especially under the influence of Spanish fashion was the Krause integral part of the upscale nightlife clothing for both men and women.

While in France the often uncomfortable Krause was soon (from 1579 ) was replaced by a lying flat collar of linen or lace, the ruff last long in bourgeois clothes of the Netherlands and as part of Amtstrachten, including the mayor, senators and professors in the Hanseatic towns.

Even today, the neck brace is worn the robe part of Lutheran pastors in northern German cities such as Hamburg, Lübeck, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund and Augsburg in southern Germany and in Denmark and Greenland.

Jordaens: " The family Jordaens in a Garden" ( 1621 )

Dirck Hals: " wedding party " ( 1628)

The Hamburg Senior Pastor Erdmann Neumeister (1671-1756)

Jakob Georg Christian Adler (1756 -1834), General Superintendent for Holstein and Schleswig

The mayor of Hamburg, Werner von Melle ( 1905)

Bishop Sofie Petersen, Greenland ( 2006)

Bishop Erik Norman Svendsen, Copenhagen ( 2008)