Rugby (Warwickshire)

Rugby is a town in the English county of Warwickshire on the River Avon. It has around 62.790 inhabitants (as of 2002) and is the administrative center of the Borough of Rugby. The city is located 21 km east of Coventry, near the border with Northamptonshire and Leicestershire and is known by the Rugby School, where the same Rugby to have been invented.

  • 7.1 Historical
  • 7.2 Spot
  • 7.3 Special 7.3.1 VLF transmitter
  • 7.3.2 Cement Plant
  • 8.1 jet engine
  • 8.2 holography
  • 8.3 Rugby

History

First traces of settlement can be found from the Iron Age. A few kilometers south of today's rugby there was the later Roman settlement Tripontium. The original Rugby was an Anglo- Saxon settlement and is mentioned in the book as Doomesday Rocheberie. The market was chartered Rugby 1255 and soon became thereafter a regional trading center.

The Rugby School was founded in 1567 with the assets of Lawrence Sheriff, a born in Rugby London merchant, of the construction of a school for boys from Rugby in his will. Over the years, has been out of school a private institution, so that in 1878 the Lawrence Sheriff School was founded to meet the original order.

Until the 19th century, rugby remained a small provincial town until 1838, the London and Birmingham Railway was built in 1840 and the Midland Counties Railway at Rugby formed an alliance. Thus, the city became an important railway junction, the Charles Dickens chose as a background for his 1866 short story written Mugby Junction. The growing number of railway workshops and factories attracted a large number of workers in the city and within fifty years, the population grew from 2,500 in 1835 to over 10,000 in the 1880s to.

In the 1890s and 1900s, more and more companies settled at Rugby and was one of the industrial centers in the Midlands. By 1940, the city grew to 40,000 inhabitants.

Presence

Today's Rugby is an amalgamation of the original rugby and the places Bilton, Hillmorton, Brown Over and Newbold -on-Avon, which were integrated in 1932 when rugby was given the status of a Municipal Boroughs. This type of administrative unit was repealed by the 1972 Local Government Act.

The buildings in the city center are derived mostly from the Victorian era and early 20th century, although older buildings can still be found. Many buildings, including the Rugby School and St. Andrew Church, were designed by architect William Butterfield.

In the city center there are numerous restaurants and pubs, two nightclubs. The Brown Over Fish Bar was voted the best fish and chip shop in England in 2002. According to the Guinness Book of Records the city of Rugby in England is to have the largest Pubdichte per square mile.

Traffic

Rugby is close to the motorways ( engl. = Motorway ) M1, M6 and M45, as well as on the highways A45, A428 and A426. The town is railway junction on the West Coast Main Line railway line and thus has direct links to London, Birmingham and the North West of England.

The Oxford Canal, which connects since 1790 Oxford with Coventry and the Midlands, runs along the northern outskirts of Rugby. It was during the industrial revolution, one of the first efficient transport routes for the transport of goods and people. Today, since not modernized channel is only used for the recreational boating with narrowboats.

Economy

Rugby economy consists mainly of industrial manufacturing and development operations. There is a long tradition in the production of gas and steam turbines from General Electric Company ( GEC ) and the Associated Electrical Industries ( AEI), which emerged from the British Thomson - Houston and for many years were the main employers. Both companies are now merged the company Alstom, which bought up GE Energy offshoot Converteam at two locations in Rugby about 700 employees.

Another important industry is the production of cement in a large factory on the western edge of the city is derived from the expenditure during the Jurassic Lias limestone of the vicinity. Cement production began in the 1860s. After a large factory in the near Southam was closed, they built the factory in Rugby considerably and it is now one of the largest in Europe.

Although a little further away, even Rolls-Royce Ansty heard in place of the most important employers whose economic factor also plays a role in rugby.

Another important industry is tourism, especially in connection with the rugby.

Policy

Rugby is in the range of two different administrations: Rugby Borough Council, which includes the city and the surrounding area and Warwickshire County Council, the Administration for the entire county of Warwickshire, is located in the rugby. The city itself does not have the status of a separate municipality ( unparished ) and therefore has no politically independent administration.

Since 1983 Rugby is part of the constituency Rugby and Kenilworth, the counts in the region of the Midlands to the districts with the scarcest majority in the parliamentary elections. Between 1983 and 1997, the conservative politician Jim Pawsey was elected to the British House of Commons and then replaced by Andy King of the Labour Party.

In the 2005 election the parliamentary seat of Jeremy Wright was recovered for the Conservatives.

Twinning

  • Evreux, France
  • Rüsselsheim, Germany

Sports

In rugby there is a football team, Rugby Town FC (formerly VS Rugby), which plays in the Southern League and it is not surprising that rugby has a large number of rugby clubs, of which include the Newbold Rugby Lions and the Old Laurentian RFC the best known.

Attractions

Historical

  • St. Andrew 's Church, which was built in the 13th century parish church. It was after extensive plans of the architect William Butterfield and expanded in the 19th century. She received a second 55-meter -tall spire on the east side. Despite the extensive renovation many parts of the medieval building were obtained, the 22 meter high west tower, reminiscent in its style to the tower of a castle. This west tower was probably at the time of Henry III. (1216-1272) built around both sacred than to fulfill military functions and is rugby's oldest surviving building. In the church, other historical objects have been preserved, among them a chest from the 13th century and a medieval baptismal font.
  • The Catholic Church of St. Mary in the Dunchurch Road, with its tall slender tower of the dominant buildings in the city. It was built in 1872 in the Early English style.
  • In the town center stands the statue of the poet Rupert Brooke, who was born in Rugby and was particularly known for his two "war sonnets " Peace and The Soldier.
  • Rugby School is the Handlungsort of 1857 and published several times ( most recently in 2004 with Stephen Fry) filmed novel Tom Brown's School Days and is regarded as a leading example of the genre of the English School Story. A statue in front of the Rugby School is the author of this book, Thomas Hughes, who attended the school from 1834 to 1842. Other well-known student of Rugby School were the poet Rupert Brooke, Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland, the poet and cultural critic Matthew Arnold, the former Prime Minister Arthur Neville Chamberlain and the writer Salman Rushdie
  • Another statue at the Rugby School is reminiscent of William Webb Ellis, the alleged inventor of rugby and is one of the most visited places of the city.
  • Rugby School Museum with an exhibition on the history of the city and the Rugby School.
  • Rugby Art Gallery and Museum with contemporary art and an exhibition of objects that have been found during excavations of the Roman villas Tripontium.
  • The James Gilbert Rugby Football Museum with a large number of historical Rugby utensils

Spot

  • Brandon Marsh - Nature reserve
  • Coombe Abbey - Country House and Park
  • Draycote Water - Reservoir and Nature Reserve
  • Dunchurch - Historical Village
  • Oxford Canal

Special

In addition to historical buildings, museums and scenic attractions Rugby is also known for two other striking buildings that have achieved a certain notoriety.

VLF transmitter

In the near Rugby existed from 1950 to 2007 with the transmitter Rugby a large, operated by British Telecom for long and very long wave transmitter. She served the spread of the MSF time signal.

Until April 1, 2003, the transmitter worked there with the callsign GBR. The transmitter GBR went on 1 January 1926 in operation and was originally the telegraphic message traffic with the British colonies. From the 1950s this on the frequency 16 kHz -powered transmitter for communication was used to submerged submarines. As a curiosity it should be mentioned that the call sign of GBR Rugby was also on some discs that have been recorded in central England, immortalized. Thus, the call sign of GBR are identified in Morse code on the LPs of Tubular Bells by Mike Oldfield with the help of a Spektralanalyseprogramms.

On 1 April 2003, the GBR transmitter was shut down after the British Navy had terminated their contract for the operation of the VLF transmitter at BT and signed a new contract with Merlin Broadcasting.

From 1926 to 2004, it consisted the antenna system of a wire antenna that was suspended from twelve insulated against ground 250 meter high guyed lattice steel masts. Through the cessation of operation of GBR eight of these masts were dispensed with and demolished on the night of 19th to 20th June 2004 after the demolition was delayed by rabbits that had gnawed the spark plug wire.

Cement plant

Another striking point is the cement factory in the west of the city, which is already visible from a greater distance and thus is considered by many travelers as a landmark in the countryside of Rugby around. This " attraction " is not without controversy and was elected in a poll by the television station Channel 4 in the top 10 of the most unpopular buildings in England. The emissions of the plant are responsible for health problems of the population and the operator Cemex was convicted in October 2006 on the initiative of the Environment Agency to a fine of £ 400,000 for pollution.

Others

Jet engine

In April 1937 Frank Whittle built at the British Thomson - Houston in Rugby the first prototype of a jet engine and continued to work on it at nearby Lutterworth successfully continued.

Holography

Also for Thomson - Houston in Rugby worked the Hungarian engineer Dennis Gabor, who in 1947 developed and Holography for 1971 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.

Rugby

The best-known rugby is for the "invention" of the sport of the same name. According to legend Rugby should be developed in 1823 at a football game when the player William Webb Ellis stuck in violation of applicable rules of the ball under his arm and carried her into the opponent's goal.

Famous people

Notable people who were born in Rugby:

  • The Judoka Neil Adrian Adams
  • The poet Rupert Brooke
  • The writer Rose Macaulay
  • The scientist Joseph Norman Lockyer
  • The athlete Katharine Merry
  • The developer of the oval rugby ball Richard Lindon
  • The singer James Morrison
  • The musician Jason Pierce of the bands Spacemen 3 and Spiritualized
  • The actor Tim Pigott -Smith
  • The director Euan Lloyd

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