Russian Railways

The Rossijskije schelesnyje dorogi (Russian Российские железные дороги in short, РЖД; German: Russian Railways, in short: RŽD or RZD ), the national railway company of the Russian Federation, as an open joint-stock company ( акционерное Russian Открытое общество, Otkrytoje akzionernoje obschtschestwo, abbreviation OAO ) is arranged.

They took over most of the infrastructure and vehicles of the Soviet railways. Divided into regional railway companies company operates a route network with a total length of about 85,500 kilometers with the track gauge of 1520 mm. Of these, 22,000 km with AC voltage 25,000 V (50 Hz) and 18,800 km are electrified with 3000 V DC voltage. The headquarters are located in Moscow. The RŽD about 1.2 million people are employed. The company also operates the All-Russian Research Institute of Rail Transport with the experimental line at Schtscherbinka south of Moscow.

Railway structural reform

Although the RŽD company as a whole earned profit, were the interdependence of governmental and entrepreneurial tasks that cross-subsidization of loss-making divisions and the low standard of quality technical and passenger visibility occasion for a railway structural reform, which is based on other rail reforms. This has three stages, which cover the period 2001 to 2010.

In the first stage, from 2001 to 2002 state and entrepreneurial tasks were separated.

On 1 October 2003, the conversion of the railway company into a corporation was initiated. The entrepreneurial tasks went into a so-called open joint stock company (Russian Otkrytoje akzionernoje obschtschestwo, abbreviation OAO ) on. They were carved out of the former Ministry of Railways (MPS Ministerstwo Putej Soobschenija, Министерство путей сообщения ). The corporation took over the whole railway assets (as opposed to rail reform in Germany ). The Russian state holds Although currently still all stock, however, railway chief Yakunin is quoted utterance intention to sell about 15 percent of the company shares to a " strategic investor ".

The second stage from 2003 to 2005 was the promotion of competition in freight transport, the efficiency in the management and reduction of Quersubventionerung of passenger traffic to the destination. During this period, numerous subsidiaries were established and introduced a new tariff system. Since 2004 takes place for each division its own accounting.

In the third stage, from 2006 to 2010 ( investment phase ) the formation of a holding was carried out with two freight and passenger transport company. In freight transport in 2007 the daughter Perwaja Gruzowaja Kompanija (PGK, Freight One), which received about 244,000 wagons ( one quarter of the total) and 2010, the second daughter Wtoraja Gruzowaja Kompanija (WHC, Freight Second), which received 156,000 freight cars, was founded. The Company JSC Federal Freight was founded on 26 August 2010 claims to be one of the largest cargo operator in Russia. In October 2011, nearly 75 percent of the shares in the PGK were sold to the UCL holding company of billionaire Vladimir Lisin.

The then Prime Minister of Russia, Vladimir Putin, in 2008 announced a comprehensive rail development program in 2030 with an investment of 380 billion euros. These funds new locomotives and wagons have to be purchased, as well as 20,000 km railway line to be built. For the first time should so get a rail connection and remote regions.

Regional breakdown

The RŽD consist of 16 regional railways:

• Dalnewostotschnaja schelesnaja doroga ( Far East Railroad; seat: Khabarovsk )

• Gorkovskaya schelesnaja doroga ( Gorkier railway; seat: Nizhny Novgorod )

• Yugo- Vostochnaya schelesnaja doroga ( Southeastern Railway; seat: Voronezh )
• Yuzhno- Ural schelesnaja doroga ( South Urals Railroad; seat: Chelyabinsk)
• Kaliningradskaja schelesnaja doroga ( Kaliningrad railway; seat: Kaliningrad )

• Krasnojarskaja schelesnaja doroga ( Krasnoyarsk railway; seat: Krasnoyarsk )

• Kuibyschewskaja schelesnaja doroga ( Kuybyschewer railway; seat: Samara )
• Moskovskaya schelesnaja doroga ( Moscow railway; office: Moscow)
• Oktjabrskaja schelesnaja doroga (October- railway; Head Office: Saint-Petersburg)
• Priwolschskaja schelesnaja doroga ( Volga Railroad; seat: Saratov )
• Sabaikalskaja schelesnaja doroga (Trans- Baikal railroad; seat: Chita )

• Sapadno - Sibirskaja schelesnaja doroga (West -Siberian Railway; seat: Novosibirsk )

• Severnaya schelesnaja doroga ( Northern Railway; seat: Yaroslavl )
• Severo- Kawkasskaja schelesnaja doroga ( North Caucasus Railroad; seat: Rostov-on- Don )
• Sverdlovskaya schelesnaja doroga ( Sverdlovsk railway; seat: Ekaterinburg)
• Wostotschno - Sibirskaja schelesnaja doroga ( East Siberian Railway; seat: Irkutsk )

Planned or under construction routes

• Murmansk Oblast: extension of the line Rutschji Karelskie ( Kandalakscha ) Alakurtti to Salla (Finland )
• Stavropol region / Kalmykia: route Budjonnowsk - Neftekumsk - Artesian
• Republic of Komi, Stretch Timan - Tschinjaworyk
• Arkhangelsk Oblast / Republic of Komi, Stretch - Karpogory Wend Inga ( the connection has Arkhangelsk Syktyvkar, North section of the so-called " Belkomur " )
• Komi Republic / Perm region: New route Syktyvkar - Perm ( southern section of the so-called " Belkomur " )
• North Ossetia-Alania: Vladikavkaz - Tskhinvali route ( South Ossetia)
• Republic of Sakha (Yakutia ): route Aldan Yakutsk (linking the city of Yakutsk to the rail network )
• Khabarovsk / Sakhalin Oblast: route Jagodny - Nogliki ( crossing the Tatarensunds, connecting the island of Sakhalin to the route network )

Performance indicators

The RŽD made ​​in 2011, 139.8 billion passenger-kilometers and 2703.7 billion ton-kilometers. In long-distance traffic drove 114.8 million passengers and 877.6 million passengers rode in transport with the railway company. 1241.6 million tons of freight were transported in this year.

The company took 1288.3 billion rubles and a Russian were 1215.5 billion rubles. Before taxes were 76.6 billion rubles, taken after tax 16.8 billion rubles.

Foreign connections

Since the routes of the former Soviet Union have the broad gauge of 1520 mm, the rail networks in Central and Western Europe and China, however, standard gauge 1435 mm, the carriage of international trains at these boundaries must be umgespurt. Here, the car body is lifted from the trucks and placed on trucks of different gauge. Automatic lane change systems that no longer require you to change the bogies have been developed but are not yet in regular use. All of the cars used in the standard gauge network of RŽD are sleeping cars.

The usable in all of Central and Western Europe spurwechsel enabled sleeper RŽD were developed and built in the 20th century by the wagon Görlitz.

The first lane change sleeping cars were purchased in 1953, but had not yet RIC -capable. First RIC sleeper with apron were delivered from 1959. From 1967, the first 24.5 m long sleeper followed by the standard UIC - Y, which were first equipped with air conditioning. The cars delivered in 1972 had only one pressure ventilation system. From 1978, followed by the last UIC - Y series, again with air conditioning.

From 1994, after dissolution of the SZD, 80 modern 26.4m long UIC -Z - sleeper were ( WLABmee ) comes with air conditioning, GP200 allow their bogies a top speed of 200 km / hr. The sleeping cars have generally Triple compartments for universal occupancy by one to three passengers. Some of the 1994 -built cars were rebuilt in luxury sleeping cars ( WLSRmee ) and now have four large two- berth compartments with private bathrooms, a bar, they are now on the routes Moscow - used Nice - Berlin - Paris and Moscow.

As of 2014, 200 new RIC - sleeper with Quadruple compartments ( WLABmz ) in operation that have been developed by Siemens Rail Systems. The cars, which are to replace those built before 1994 generations are manufactured at the Siemens plant in Vienna - Simmering, the standard gauge bogies in Graz and the broad-gauge bogies in the car building the Tver Transmashholding.

In addition, long distance passenger cars come with four- bed compartments and larger Fahrzeugumgrenzungsprofil to Bulgaria and Poland, earlier in the GDR. They were made from 1948 to 1998 in the wagon structures Ammendorf, Görlitz and Bautzen. These cars run as of-gauge and can be used in standard gauge network only on certain routes.

Foreign activities of RŽD Group

In March 2008, the joint venture Trans Eurasia Logistics GmbH (TEL ) was established between the RŽD and DB Mobility Logistics AG to market the planned container train Trans-Eurasia Express. This company has the goal of the Trans-Eurasia Express gradually build a block train between Europe, Russia and China and takes over the coordination between the participating railway companies. Given the global economic crisis of the Trans-Eurasia Express will not start as planned in 2009. Therefore, first to the traffic between Germany and Russia are built. 2013, based in St. Petersburg Trans-Siberian Travel GmbH was founded as a 100% subsidiary founded with the aim to attract more foreign passengers.

The RŽD operates the railways in Armenia under the name Harawkowkasjan Jerkatughi or Yuzhno- Kawkaskaja schelesnaja doroga since 1 June 2008, after winning a tender initially for 30 years. During this period, at least 570 million USD to be invested, 70 percent of them in the infrastructure.

In North Korea, the RŽD involved in development and operation of cross-border route from the Russian Chassan by Rajin and the construction of a container terminal in Rajin.

The RŽD founded in May 2009 together with the Ukrainian and Slovak Railways, ÖBB and a joint venture in order to examine the possibility of extending the broad gauge railway line Uzhgorod - Košice 600 kilometers to Vienna. For this, the broad gauge planning GmbH is established in Austria, where the four railway companies hold equal shares.

In 2009, the subsidiary Alpine RZDstroy GmbH was founded for the implementation of joint infrastructure projects, such as infrastructure, new buildings for Sochi 2014, the Austrian construction company Alpine Holding.

In Libya built a subsidiary of RŽD since 2008, the high -speed rail line Sirt - Benghazi. Since the beginning of the uprising in Libya, the works are set.

Since 2006 a joint venture with the Finnish State Railways with names Karelian Trains, which operates the traffic between Helsinki and St. Petersburg high-speed rail since 2010 exists.