Ruthard of Mainz

Ruthard OSB († May 2, 1109 ) was from 1089 to 1109 Archbishop of Mainz. First, on the imperial side he turned to the reform papacy and was in the overthrow Henry IV in favor of Henry V decisively involved.

Early years

He came from a ministerial family of the Archbishops of Mainz, which was located in Thuringia and the Rheingau.

He entered the Benedictine Order and was around 1080 abbot of the monastery of St. Peter in Erfurt.

Interaction inside

At the instigation of Henry IV, he was elected in 1089 to the Archbishop of Mainz. He was loyal to the king and reform- oriented and should the antipope Clement III used by the emperor. based. For him Urban II had been averted.

His relationship with the leading forces in the cathedral chapter was good. In the spirit of reform Hirsauer founded or promoted Ruthard various monasteries. In part, this was done by converting older Kanonikerstifte. These included the monasteries in Höchst, Comburg, Johannisberg, Marie Stone, Bursfelde, Lippold mountain and Disibodenberg. The latter he made rich gifts.

The temporal power of the archbishop was strengthened by the displacement of the Rhinegraves appointed by the Emperor from the area around Mainz. It was replaced by Archbishop Ministeriale.

Jewish pogrom

Through the office of Archbishop He has also been Reichserzkanzler. During his tenure, the pogrom of the Crusaders in 1096, in which alone in Mainz up to a thousand Jews were killed fell. Ruthard was not active against the offenders, rather later forced the survivors to accept baptism. Thus, he opposed Henry IV, who held the protection of the Jews. When Ruthard refused to allow it to return to their old faith the baptized and to reimburse them their fortune, he lost the favor of the emperor.

Opposition to Henry IV

Ruthard 1098 fled to Thuringia, where the aristocratic opposition was strong and joined Pope Urban II. The anti-pope Clemens sentenced Ruthard, forbade all members of the church in Mainz on pain of anathema dealing with Ruthard, picked up the duty of obedience and ordered the election of a new archbishop. On the other hand, Urban II lifted the ban. At the election of a new archbishop did not happen. From the Thuringian part of his diocese, he worked on as archbishop and was involved in 1102 at about the election of a new bishop of Halberstadt.

In 1105 he supported the rebellion of Henry V and was instrumental in the overthrow Henry IV involved. He realized now clearly on the primacy of the Pope - claim against the emperor. At the same time he saw himself as Archbishop of Mainz as first among the spiritual and secular magnates. When the prince meeting on January 5, 1106 it was Ruthard, the Henry V gave the imperial insignia. The consecration took, however, before the papal legate.

Relation to Paschal II

Although Pope Paschal II Ruthard had expressly recognized and was interested in a good relationship with him, Ruthard has yet drawn the disapproval of the Pope. So he had consecrated against the will of Paschalis Reinhard von Blankenburg Bishop of Halberstadt, although the Pope had not confirmed this explicitly, because he had received his investiture from a layman. The reinstatement of Suffraganbischofs Udo von Hildesheim, without the consent of a council was criticized by the papal side. He also appeared in 1107 not to a synod. Then the Pope has suspended him. Ruthard took this judgment unreservedly. This unconditional recognition of the papal right violence has led to the reinstatement Ruthards.

For the self-confidence Ruthards speaks that he used as the first archbishop of Mainz a throne seal.

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