Ryck
The Ryck shortly before it flows into Wieck
The Ryck is a 30.7 km long river in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern ( Germany ), which flows into the Baltic Sea near Greifswald.
Name
The name derives from the Slavic word Rjeka or = Reka River. In documents from the 13th century, the name " Reke " and " Hilda " ( as the original name of the neighboring monastery Eldena ) are called. " Hilda " is the oldest recorded name of the river; a deed of 1241 refers to the " Hildam Fluvium ". Although the oldest documented mention of the monastery as " Hilda " from 1199, and thus older, but nevertheless it can be assumed that the monastery was named after the river, and not vice versa.
River course
The Ryck rises in the district Vorpommern - Rügen in the field marks of the former Good Bartmannshagen ( district of South Woodford ) northeast of Pomerania and mostly runs in east-west direction. By Ryckgraben it flows through the county Vorpommern - Greifswald and in the Hanseatic city of Greifswald. At the height of the native animal parks Greifswald Ryckgraben with the moat is connected, which surrounds the other side of the historic center along the ramparts. The Ryck continues to flow in the direction Ryckgraben Greifswald Harbour Museum. Shortly before the museum harbor, it flows through a weir, then passes under a railway bridge and finally the stone bridge Becker. Here the Ryckgraben goes on in the museum harbor, and from here to the Ryck on his last five and a half kilometers is navigable. In the district Wieck he passes under the historical Wieck wooden bascule bridge and then flows into the Danish Wiek, the southern part of the Bay of Greifswald. The catchment area comprises approximately 23,400 ha of Ryck
Bolten Haeger pond
Originally existed in the northwest of Greifswald in 1288 for the first time mentioned in a document Bolten Haeger pond, also called Ryckteich, which flowed through the Ryck. In the pond there was a relatively shallow waters, finally completely dried up in the 19th century.
Baberow
In the north of Greifswald also the Baberow, one of the former branches of the Ryck existed.
Old and new low
Off the north laying his mouth ( a new low) around the year 1300 led the Ryck directly north of the monastery Eldena on the territory of today's lido Eldena in the Danish Wiek (Old low). The two estuaries existed over 250 years side by side; only in the second half of the 16th century, the Old Deep has been locked to prevent the silting up of the Ryck. The beach itself was for the most part until 1971/72 extended by Seesandaufspülung to today's expansion.
Legal classification of water
The Ryck is a second order waters within the meaning of § 48 Section 1 No. 2 State Water Act Mecklenburg- Vorpommern ( MV LWaG ). Waters first order in accordance with § 48 Section 1 No. 1, only the last 5.5 km as a federal waterway.
The Ryck is the river basin district " Warnow / Peene " under § 1b Section 1 No. 10 WHG, assigned to § 130 Paragraph 1 No. 4 LWaG MV.
The river is the responsibility of the Water and Soil Association Ryck - Ziese.
Federal Waterways
The navigable part of the river Ryck (Ry ) from eastern edge of the stone bridge Becker in Greifswald (km 25.11 ) is a federal waterway of class IV This 5.5 km long section in accordance with § 1 Section 1 No. 20 SeeSchStrO a shipping lane, on the the Maritime Traffic Regulations applies; it falls within the remit of Waterways and Shipping Office Stralsund.
Economic use
As an economic factor of the Ryck was already in the middle ages for the then fledgling city of Greifswald is of great importance; However, the Ryck was already navigable only from the area of today's museum harbor and never gained relevance for the domestic trade. The end of the 13th century and initially applied only Greifswald port was therefore a seaport. Through him, the city had connection to the major Baltic ports, received city rights in 1250 lübisches and 1278 was a member of the Hanseatic League. Around the year 1300 then the port Wieck was created; in this context, the Ryckmündung was straightened ( see above). Already in the 14th and in the 15th century were enough Ryck and Greifswald port but no longer meet the requirements of vessel traffic because he - unlike the ports in Stralsund, Wismar and Rostock - silted. The river had to be regularly cleaned and deepened even then. As at the end of the 17th century decreased the importance of the Hanseatic League, the port has been neglected for over 150 years. The water depth was less than 2 m, so that large ships could only invest in Wieck. From 1858, the river was developed into a modern waterway with 56 meters wide and 3.20 meters deep. Today the port of Greifswald, Wieck play economically only a minor role and are mainly used for recreational boating. The former city harbor was extended to the museum harbor and is connected by a ferry crossing with Wieck and Ludwigsburg. The north of this location, former Greifswald Saline, in the Middle Ages crucial important for the city's founding and long -time economic factor has been used particularly in the 1970s and 1980s as excessive garbage dump. In the 1990s this use was stopped and filled up after securing work the soil, so that a striking hill landscape was created, which is grazed by a flock of sheep.
Landscape shape
The Rycklandschaft is characterized by lowland meadow, whose numerous small streams feed the river. The Ryck has a very low gradient and therefore only a low flow rate. While at the headwaters Only 0,80 to 1,50 water depth be measured, the navigable part is about four feet deep; only from the western outskirts of Greifswald to the mouth when Wieck district, the river is navigable. From Wackerow and Western Greifswald field marks to the river to the hamlet of Greifswald Wieck is embanked on both sides and thus cut off from the former flood plain areas ( salt marshes and saline north of Greifswald Old Town). The water level is regulated by a sluice and a pumping station at the height of the Huns road. The south side of Rycks is on its six -kilometer run through Greifswald almost completely built-up, whereas stone Becker suburb and Wieck is a sprawling meadow landscape with the Ladebower hole on the north side between the sparsely built-up districts, the one to the embankment in the 1950s oxbow lake of the Ryck was and is since 1994 as a protected landscape component under protection.
Prior to his protected status Ladebower the hole was repeatedly used as a sedimentation area for dredge spoil from the area of Wieck harbor. Since late 2007, the dredging of the harbor to the Ryck from the Museum Wieck port starts, in order to deepen the since the last dredging 20 years ago at three meters depth verschlickten flow back to four meters. As sedimentation area now serves a Ryckwäldchens east of the lying area.
Flood protection and Sperrwerksbau
In certain weather conditions, especially in northeast wind, pushes the lagoon water until well into the urban area in Greifswald. Was diked in the Ryck until the 19th or 20th century, at least after 1847.
In September 2008, the first work for the flood protection of Greifswald had begun when a dike was built in Eldena. The construction of a long-planned barrage at the mouth of Ryck has started in 2010 and should be completed in 2014. Thus, the deeper plots of the Hanseatic city of Greifswald to be protected from flooding by storm floods. Severe storm floods occur in Greifswald statistically on every 100 years. The locking mechanism shall consist of a rotating element in flood heights of 1.10 m above sea level. NN the port closes. The construction of the barrage the completion of the dike system in Greifswald - Wieck and Eldena is connected. The entire construction project is expected to cost about 27 million euros and is one of the largest in the Master Plan coastal and flood protection of the state Mecklenburg -Vorpommern.
The construction of the barrage of access to Wieck port of 60 is narrowed to 21 meters. This will hinder the entrance of sailboats under sail. The few hundred meters inland lying historic wooden bascule bridge has a ship passage width of 10.7 meters. The locking mechanism is controversial among tourist point of view, because the sight of the port of Wieck is hereby changed significantly.
Bridges
The most important river crossings are from west to east, the bridges for the highway 105 and the railway to Stralsund, the bridge at the Greifswald stone Becker Road and the bascule bridge in the village of Wieck. This bridge dates from 1887 and is still open by hand. The old railway bridge in the port rail to the seaport Ladebow is currently being replaced by a new building. Commissioning is scheduled for October 2013.
Inflows
The Ryck is fed by drainage ditches and the following names are known waters.
- Ryckgraben (left), spring inflow Sweden trench ( left), with bifurcation source inflow to Cernosin
- Rienegraben (left), at large Peter Hagen
- N.N. (right) - the landscape park Griebenow