Saadi dynasty

The Saadian (Arabic سعديون, DMG Sa ʿ Diyun ) were a Muslim dynasty that ruled from 1549 to 1664 about today's Morocco.

Ruler

Under the rule of Wattasids (1465-1549) to Morocco was in a severe crisis since the dynasty had only a small authority and the country could not protect against Portugal. The resistance of the religious brotherhoods and marabouts the Saadian took over under the Sherif Abu Abdallah al - Qaim (1509-1517) the lead. They set up an independent power base in southern Morocco by the Banu Saad ( Banū Sa ʿ d ) with the tribe of Banu Maqil ( Banū Ma ʿ qil ) were combined. The latter had come in the 13th century in small numbers from Yemen. With the conquest of the Portuguese Agadir Saadian won broad support and could plunge in 1549 against the resistance of Bu Hassun the Wattasids.

The sultans Muhammad ash- Shaykh (1549-1557) and Abdallah al - Galib (1557-1574) had initially fought against the Ottomans claim that repeatedly intervened in the western Maghreb and with Bu Hassun 1554 temporarily occupied Fes. When fighting for the throne, Abu Marwan Abd al -Malik was (1576-1578) so secure with Ottoman assistance in Morocco the rule. When the Portuguese King Sebastian I wanted the deposed Abu Abdallah (1574-1576) to bring back to power, the invading army in al - Kabir Qsar was defeated.

After Abu Marwan Abd al -Malik died during the battle, Ahmad al - Mansur (1578-1603) was able to prevail as the new ruler. Under this Morocco reached economically and culturally once again flourished. Through trade agreements, there was an increased trade with England. Similarly, the trans-Saharan trade was strongly encouraged. In order to control this trade better, the Songhai calibration on the Niger was a campaign battered and trade centers Gao and Timbuktu conquered ( 1590-1591 ). However, it could not be kept permanently occupied country. The Saharan trade with Morocco was rather badly damaged and shifted increasingly to Tripoli and Tunis.

After the death of al - Mansur broke lack of succession scheme of power struggles, during which located in Fes and Marrakech holing two lines of the Saadian. During this time, Morocco took on many of the Moors, who were expelled from Spain. Parts of them settled in Sale, where they founded an independent Korsarenreich 1603-1668. In 1626, Fez went to the Dila brotherhood lost and in 1659 conquered the Alawites Marrakech and ended the reign of the Saadian.