SAE J1772

Charging connector are a subset of the connector for the connection of mobile devices to load the accumulator. In many cases the signal contacts to be connected in addition to the contacts for the charging current.

Mobile phone

In the case of devices with limited space (eg, digital cameras, mobile phones, MP3 players and other mobile devices) vendor-specific plug contacts have been replaced largely by terminals on the base of USB (Universal Serial Bus). The USB 2.0 standard has called for supplied voltage from 4.4 to 5.25 volts. The allowable power requirements of the devices was 5 levels defined in USB 2.0 to 100 mA; at maximum current demand of up to 0.5 amps possible for a terminal. For the specification of USB 3.0, this was extended to 6 levels each 150 mA; the maximum current demand is then up to 0.9 amps.

In addition, there is the extension of the " Battery Charging Specification" For USB-A 2.0 - charging plug of the charging current to typically 1500 mA was set, which can be used up to full-speed USB signals ( at high speed up to 900 mA ). For dedicated charger plug in the USB connector format without USB signaling up to 1.8 amps are provided at 5.25 volts.

Standardizing on charger plug in the USB connector format was promoted by the decision of China. Since 14 June 2007, required that all mobile phones with USB connector can use this to charge the device. In September 2007, the members of the Open Mobile Terminal Platform ( including Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, LG) agreed on micro-USB as the uniform standard for future connector.

On 17 February 2009, the final standard was presented and indicated that 17 mobile phone manufacturers have agreed to offer only those based on micro-USB connectors from 2012 at the GSMA Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. The presented specification extends not only the USB signaling ( OMTP protocol), but also provides a charging specification are available, designated as "Universal Charging Solution ". The UCS- charging standard was subsequently adopted without amendment by the CTIA and ITU. In June 2009, the European Commission reached an agreement with 10 manufacturers (Apple, LG, Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Qualcomm, Research In Motion, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Texas Instruments) that from 2010 on the European market only mobile phones sold that are compatible with the UCS charging connectors. In UCS, a maximum charge current of 850 mA at 4.75 to 5.25 volts is specified.

Electric vehicles

Based on single-phase AC 230 /240 volt can be (partially via adapter ) is currently all vehicles use all existing safety sockets as charging stations. A disadvantage is the limited to 2.3 kW of charging power, because this plug-in system is generally specified ( at 16 A short -term exposure ) only up to 10 A continuous current load.

General common plug, as a charging plug for electric vehicles

Already widespread in Europe charging stations based on the CEE system. In addition to grounding for low loading capacities up to 2.3 kW especially connectors according to IEC 60309, which have prevailed for the durability outdoors. Plug for 400 - volt three-phase current and charge currents from 16 A to 125 A ( 3L N PE, 6h - red 5-pin Baustromstecker ) offer enormous load capacities, while for 230 V (luminous flux or household current) of the blue 3 -pin plug with single-phase load current of 16 A (L N PE, 6h - camping or caravan plug) is common.

Due to the use in commerce and industry as well as in recreational vehicles and boats are charging stations for plug this in many places available. Also, many non-commercial activities to build a comprehensive charging infrastructure use this plug-in systems.

Special charging plug for electric vehicles

In the field of electric cars has been penetrated before their wider market to a uniform standard plug. Nevertheless, several proposals have spread.

The advantages of unified charging plugs for different services and some better handling apply. A disadvantage is the lower prevalence and higher costs for private and non-commercial users.

In Germany and France, the automakers have agreed on a proposal of the plug-in system manufacturer Mennekes, who was created from existing IEC 60309 connector variants of the company in which the Drehstomsteckern additional signal pins have been added (also known as " CEEplus "). This charger plug was standardized in VDE - AR-E 2623-2-2 and submitted for the next version of the international standard IEC 62196. It is a 7-pin round plug in the size of the previous 16 -A plug (56 mm diameter), which allows the connection to the widespread European 400 -volt three-phase network ( specified up to 63 amps charging current). In addition, can also be loaded with 230 V single-phase alternating current. The discrimination of the maximum charging current and the power supply is in this case indicated by the two additional contacts. The performance of coding is carried out according to IEC 62196-1 for now on resistance bridges. For authorization public charge station, an RFID chip is provided, which can be inserted in the connector housing. The Mennekes proposal or VDE standard plug for charging tion is also known as IEC 62196-2 -X, according to the standard result in development.

In North America, known from the 2001 SAE J1772 was revised ( it was originally a rectangular connectors for industrial and trucks). The North American auto manufacturers agreed on the Yazaki proposal. It is a 5-pin round plug with 43 ​​mm diameter which is intended for connection to single-phase AC. The specification includes requirements for connection to the standard North American 120 - volt household current ( Level 1 specified charging current to 16 amps at up to 120 volts ) and the normal European 230 - volt household current ( Level 2 specified charging current to 80 amps at a maximum of 230 volts).

Added to this is the standard created in Japan ( JARI Level 3 DC ), which is already used as CHAdeMO system in Japan, North America, and increasingly in Europe and is supported by the Japanese car manufacturers Mitsubishi, Nissan and Subaru. Be noted here is that it is high DC currents supplied from the charging station for communication with the vehicle electronics directly to the traction battery.

Common to all standards is the specification for the control protocol between the charging station and vehicle based on the standards IEC 62196th This provides a current demand up to 250 amps at up to 690 volt three-phase current before, but also identifies charging cycles for single-phase and DC networks.

Both of Yazaki 's proposal and the proposal Mennekes use two additional contacts - a lagging protective contact, without which the charger is current-free, and a pretriggered signal contact via which a lock can be activated. The auxiliary contacts are bridged for connection to domestic outlets (corresponding to a maximum of 16 amps at 230 volts).

As a later post just adds the SCAME plug, which (along with Framatome and other special connectors ) and the pins for the IEC 62196 has always contained signaling. Since the VDE / Mennekes plug is currently quite expensive, has formed a Franco- Italian alliance on 28 March 2010, which instead the SCAME plugs propagated intensively for charging electric cars. The "EV Plug Alliance " of Schneider Electric, Legrand and Scame acceded on 31 May 2010 more manufacturers, including Gimelec, sure, Marechal Electric, Radiall Vimar, Weidmüller France & Yazaki Europe. The connector can also use 400V three-phase, but at 32 amps limited (although the maximum value of the previous standard charging stations corresponds ).