Sakha language

Spoken in

  • Altaic languages ​​( disputed) Turkic languages Siberian Turkic languages Yakut

-

Saw

Saw

The Yakut language ( jakut. Саха тыла / Sacha tyla ) is a language from the group of northeastern Turkic languages ​​(also called " Siberian Turkic languages ​​"), and which is spoken by about 360,000 people as a native language. She takes within the group of Turkic languages ​​a special position because it has on the one hand, many features of the Old Turkic and on the other side of the adjacent, but unrelated Mongolian and Tungusic languages.

Number of speakers, dissemination

Yakut is the mother tongue of most of the approximately 444,000 Yakuts and is spoken by a few thousand other people as a second or foreign language. Main distribution area is the Republic of Sakha ( Yakutia), to exist alongside communities of speakers in the Magadan Oblast, the Evenk Autonomous District, the Amur Oblast and the Taimyr Autonomous District. Many Evenki, Evens and Yukagirs speak as a first language Yakut.

The vocabulary, the sound system and the grammar of the Yakut are mainly influenced by the Mongolian and Tungusic, while the basic vocabulary is still largely regarded as Turkish. The Yakut has a few foreign words from Russian. These are usually terms of technology.

Alphabets

Only since 1819 the Yakut a modified Cyrillic alphabet for the posting of language is regarded as a written language in the strict sense when Russian missionaries among the Yakuts introduced.

From about 1917 Yakut was written in a specially developed phonetics, 1929 the so-called " unified Turkish alphabet " more.

In 1939, a compulsory Russian lessons and thus also among the Yakuts introduced by Stalin for all nationalities of the USSR, a modified Cyrillic alphabet.

With the collapse of the USSR ( from 1989) began the great Soviet Turkic people as Tatars, Uzbeks and Azerbaijanis, to be guided by Turkey and to open so the West. Following a meeting in Ankara ( 1990) the representatives of the states of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan decided the Latinization of the Central Asian and Caucasian Turkic people within 15 years. Until then, they should have introduced a derived from the modern Turkish alphabet writing system. Also a later Latinization of the smaller Turkic-speaking minorities such as the Yakuts was decided by them.

In contrast to the Tartars, the Yakuts did not close the Neo - Latinization of the ex-Soviet Turkic peoples on, but remained with the Cyrillic alphabet.

Jakutisches Latin alphabet (1929-1939):

Jakutisches Cyril alphabet ( since 1939 ):

Yakut in Dolgan

Of the 6,945 Dolgan Yakut speaks a large number as a second language and their own language, Dolganische is often regarded as their twin language.

Bibliography

  • Morvan, Michel, " Erensuge " La Linguistique, 23, 1987/1, 131-136.
  • Kałużyński, Stanislav, Mongolian elements in the Yakut language, Warsaw, 1962.
Language family Mongolic languages Evenk Autonomous Okrug Taymyr Autonomous Okrug Yukaghir people Phonetic transcription#Types of notational systems Dolgans
426812
de