Salacca

Plantation of Salakpalme ( Salacca zalacca ) on Java

Salacca is a Native to Southeast Asia palm genus. It includes about 20 species, including because of their fruits grown Salakpalme ( Salacca zalacca ). There are almost stemless palms that form thickets.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Features

The palm trees usually do not have a tribe, forming multiple crowns, are thorny and dioecious ( dioecious ).

The stem is underground and lying, rare above ground and upright. He is usually hidden by the leaf bases. The internodes are short, often they form numerous adventitious roots.

The chromosome number is 2n = 28

The leaves are small to robust, feathered or in whole or in two parts. The leaf sheath tearing along towards the petiole. The lowest part is unarmed, the rest is scattered to densely covered with spines. The petiole is very variable set with spines and scales. The rachis is like the petiole reinforced, albeit smaller. The leaflets of feathered species are easily folded with the exception of the terminal. They are straight or sigmoidal, pointed at the end, lobed rare. You can vary greatly reinforced along the midrib and the leaf margins with short spines. The terminal pair of leaflets is composed. At full or two-part leaves the blade end is deeply bilobed almost entire to. The lower leaf surface is often very hairy mealy. The midribs they become clearly apparent on the underside of leaves.

Inflorescences

The inflorescences are in the leaf axils, and are initially enveloped by the leaf sheath of its liner sheet. This ruptures along the central line through the opening passes to the outside of the inflorescence. It is usually short, sometimes ährig, but usually a branched -or disubstituted. Sometimes the inflorescence is hidden in the detritus. Very rarely it is whippy with a tip that turns into a vegetative axis, rooted and grows into an independent plant. Male inflorescences are usually an order highly branched than female. The peduncle is usually short, concealed the cover page very conspicuous and often in the leaf sheath of the carrier sheet. It is Roehrig, zweikielig. There are several bracts on the inflorescence stalk, these are Roehrig at the base. The inflorescence axis is usually longer than the stem, their bracts are similar to those at the stem. The side axes are cylindrical, kitten -like and can be hidden in the bract or be free. The bracts of the flowers form a spiral and can be fused together.

Flowers

The male flowers are in pairs ( in dyads ) and have two small bracts, which are sometimes split or fused together. The cup is Roehrig and three-lobed, sometimes split almost to the base. The crown has a short stalk -like base, and a long tube, which terminates into three triangular flaps. The six stamens are at the end of the corolla tube, their filaments are short and the anthers are roundish to elongated. The stamp rudiment is very small or absent. The pollen is spherical or flattened at the poles. The seed opening ( aperture) is a meridional sitting Zonasulcus ( annular germ fold ), sometimes not completely annular. The longest axis is 22 to 34 microns long.

The female flowers appear singly or in dyads with a sterile male flower. This is similar to the fertile, but the anthers are empty. The cup is Roehrig at the base and has three triangular, längsgefurchte cloth. The crown is similar with three triangular flap-like lobes. There are six staminodes that target at the entrance of the corolla tube. The stamens are usually oblong, the anthers are arrow-shaped and empty. The gynoecium consists of three compartments with one ovule and is studded with flat, smooth or pointed scales. The three fleshy scars are bent back to blossom. The subjects are divided incomplete, the ovules are at the base and are anatrop.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits usually contain three seeds, rarely one or two. They are globose to pear-shaped or ellipsoidal. The scars radical apically. The exocarp is studded with slightly irregular, vertical rows of scales, the scales tips are sharp or smooth. The mesocarp of ripening very thin, the endocarp is not differentiated. The seeds sit basal and form a third or a half of a sphere, depending on the number of seeds per fruit. Your sarcotesta is very thick, sour or sweet, the inner seed coat is very thin. The endosperm is homogeneous. The embryo sits basal.

Dissemination and locations

The area of the species ranges from Burma and Indo-China to the south and east to Borneo, Java and the Philippines. The Salakpalme is originally native to Java and Sumatra and was introduced to the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas and Bali. The greatest species diversity is found on the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.

The species are plants of the understory of primary tropical rain forests. Since they are appreciated as suppliers of fruit and timber, they are often allowed to stand at clearings. Many of the species are found primarily in swampy valley floors, where they form thorny, impenetrable thickets. Other species tend to grow on hill slopes or hilltops. Salacca rupicola grows on limestone cliffs.

System

The genus Salacca is placed in the subfamily Calamoideae, Tribe Calameae within the family Arecaceae. Here she is with her sister genus Eleiodoxa the subtribe Salaccinae.

Salacca is a monophyletic group, although the has not yet been studied as a problem known type Salacca secunda, the characteristics of Salacca and such has Eleiodoxa of molecular genetics.

In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the following types are recognized:

• Salacca affinis
• Salacca clemensiana
• Salacca dolicholepis
• Salacca fell off diana
• Salacca flabellata
• Salacca glabrescens
• Salacca graciliflora
• Salacca lophospatha
• Salacca magnifica
• Salacca minuta
• Salacca multiflora
• Salacca ramosiana
• Salacca rupicola
• Salacca sarawakensis
• Salacca secunda
• Salacca stolonifera
• Salacca sumatrana
• Salacca vermicularis
• Salacca wallichiana
• Salacca zalacca

The name is the Latinized form of the Salacca Malay name salak.

Use

The Salakpalme ( Salacca zalacca ) is grown in many parts of Southeast Asia because of their tasty fruit. The fruits of other species are also eaten, but are often very acidic.

Documents

• John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, pp. 172-175.