Salamandridae

Alpine Salamander ( Salamandra atra)

Called The Real Salamander ( Salamandridae ), and True Salamanders and Newts, are a family of salamanders ( Caudata or Urodela ). Larger part of whose representatives live half to vollaquatil; the other hand, some, like the genus Salamandra, prefer a terrestrial lifestyle. The distribution of the nearly 90 species of this family extends beyond the climatically predominantly temperate zones of the northern hemisphere from North America to Europe to the Far East Asia.

Features

The animals have ophistocoele (rear hollowed ) vertebrae. The palatal teeth are in two backward diverging longitudinal rows. For bone should also be noted that no sagittal crest is present on the parietal. True Salamanders and newts operate internal fertilization - usually take the females one with her cloaca or more previously deposited by the male seed packets on. As adults they have no gills or gill holes more, but are with the metamorphosis to pulmonary and cutaneous respiration passed (except neotene copies). Some species are hardly more than a small human finger, while the Spanish ribbed newt about 30 centimeters reached body length.

Inside systematics

The family Salamandridae include three subfamilies, 22 genera and 109 species:

  • Subfamily Pleurodelinae Tschudi, 1838 Genus Calotriton Gray, 1858 Montseny Brook Newt ( Calotriton arnoldi Carranza and Amat, 2005)
  • Calotriton asper ( Duges, 1852)
  • Cynops chenggongensis Kou and Xing, 1983
  • Cynops cyanurus Liu, Hu, and Yang, 1962
  • Sword tail newt ( Cynops ensicauda ( Hallowell, 1861) )
  • Cynops fudingensis Wu, Wang, Jiang, and Hanken, 2010
  • Cynops glaucus yuan, Jiang, Ding, Zhang, and Che, 2013
  • Chinese Fire Belly Newt ( Cynops orientalis (David, 1873) )
  • Cynops orphicus Risch, 1983
  • Japanese Fire Belly Newt ( Cynops pyrrhogaster ( Boie, 1826) )
  • Wolterstorff newt ( Cynops wolterstorffi ( Boulenger, 1905) )
  • Echinotriton andersoni ( Boulenger, 1892)
  • Echinotriton chinhaiensis (Chang, 1932)
  • Corsican Brook Newt ( Euproctus montanus ( Savi, 1838) )
  • Sardinian Brook Newt ( Euproctus platycephalus ( Gravenhorst, 1829) )
  • Alpine Newt ( Ichthyosaura alpestris ( Laurenti, 1768) )
  • Laotriton laoensis ( Stuart and Papenfuss, 2002)
  • Liangshantriton taliangensis ( Liu, 1950)
  • Spanish newt ( Lissotriton boscai ( Lataste, 1879) )
  • Lissotriton graecus ( Wolterstorff, 1906)
  • Palmate newt ( Lissotriton helveticus ( Razoumovsky, 1789) )
  • Italian newt ( Lissotriton italicus ( Peracca, 1898) )
  • Lissotriton kosswigi ( Freytag, 1955)
  • Lissotriton lantzi ( Wolterstorff, 1914)
  • Lissotriton meridionalis ( Boulenger, 1882)
  • Lissotriton montandoni ( Boulenger, 1880)
  • Newt ( Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) )
  • Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862
  • Neurergus derjugini ( Nesterov, 1916)
  • Neurergus kaiseri Schmidt, 1952
  • Neurergus strauchii ( Steindachner, 1887)
  • Notophthalmus meridionalis ( Cope, 1880)
  • Notophthalmus perstriatus (Bishop, 1941)
  • Greenish newt ( Notophthalmus viridescens ( Rafinesque, 1820 ) )
  • Northern band Newt ( Ommatotriton ophryticus (Berthold, 1846) )
  • Ommatotriton vittatus (Gray, 1835)
  • Pachytriton archospotus Shen, Shen, and Mo, 2008
  • Pachytriton brevipes ( Sauvage, 1876)
  • Pachytriton changi Nishikawa, Matsui, and Jiang, 2012
  • Pachytriton feii Nishikawa, Jiang, and Matsui, 2011
  • Pachytriton granulosus Chang, 1933
  • Pachytriton inexpectatus Nishikawa, Jiang, Matsui, and Mo, 2011
  • Pachytriton moi Nishikawa, Jiang, and Matsui, 2011
  • Paramesotriton caudopunctatus ( Liu and Hu, 1973)
  • Paramesotriton chinensis (Gray, 1859)
  • Paramesotriton deloustali ( Bourret, 1934)
  • Paramesotriton fuzhongensis Wen, 1989
  • Paramesotriton guanxiensis ( Huang, Tang, and Tang, 1983)
  • Paramesotriton hongkongensis ( Myers and Leviton, 1962)
  • Paramesotriton labiatus ( Under Stone, 1930)
  • Paramesotriton longliensis Li, Tian, Gu, and Xiong, 2008
  • Paramesotriton maolanensis Gu, Chen, Tian, Li, and Ran, 2012
  • Paramesotriton wulingensis Wang, Tian, and Gu, 2013
  • Paramesotriton yunwuensis Wu, Jiang, and Hanken, 2010
  • Paramesotriton zhijinensis Li, Tian, and Gu, 2008
  • Pleurodeles nebulosus ( Guichenot, 1850)
  • Pleurodeles poireti ( Gervais, 1835)
  • Spanish ribbed newt ( Pleurodeles waltl Michahelles, 1830)
  • Rauhäutiger Yellow-bellied newt ( Taricha granulosa ( Skilton, 1849) )
  • Taricha rivularis ( Twitty, 1935)
  • Taricha sierrae ( Twitty, 1942)
  • Taricha torosa ( Rathke, 1833)
  • Alpine newt (Triturus carnifex ( Laurenti, 1768) )
  • Northern Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus ( Laurenti, 1768) )
  • Danube crested newt ( Triturus dobrogicus ( Kiritzescu, 1903) )
  • Triturus ivanbureschi Arntzen and Wielstra in Wielstra, Litvinchuk, Naumov, Tzankov, and Arntzen, 2013
  • Asian crested newt (Triturus karelinii ( Bush, 1870) )
  • Macedonian Crested Newt (Triturus macedonicus ( Karaman, 1922) )
  • Marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus ( Latreille, 1800 ) )
  • Triturus pygmaeus ( Wolterstorff, 1905)
  • Tylototriton asperrimus Under Stone, 1930
  • Tylototriton broadoridgus Shen, Jiang, and Mo, 2012
  • Tylototriton dabienicus Chen, Wang, and Tao, 2010
  • Tylototriton daweishanensis zhao, Rao, Liu, Li, and Yuan, 2012
  • Tylototriton hainanensis Fei, Ye, and Yang, 1984
  • Tylototriton kweichowensis Fang and Chang, 1932
  • Tylototriton lizhengchangi Hou, Zhang, Jiang, Li and Lu, 2012
  • Tylototriton notialis Stuart, Phimmachak, Sivongxay, and Robichaud, 2010
  • Tylototriton panhai Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote, and Matsui, 2013
  • Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus Hou, Gu, Zhang, Zeng, and Lu, 2012
  • Tylototriton shanjing Nussbaum, Brodie, and Yang, 1995
  • Tylototriton uyenoi Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote, and Matsui, 2013
  • Buttoned Burma Crocodile Newt ( Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871)
  • Tylototriton vietnamensis Böhme, Schoettler, Nguyen, and Köhler, 2005
  • Tylototriton wenxianensis Fei, Ye, and Yang, 1984
  • Tylototriton Yangi Hou, Zhang, Zhou, Li, and Lu, 2012
  • Tylototriton ziegleri Nishikawa, Matsui, and Nguyen, 2013
  • Lyciasalamandra antalyana ( Basoglu and Baran, 1976)
  • Lyciasalamandra arikani Göçmen and Akman, 2012
  • Lyciasalamandra atifi ( Basoglu, 1967)
  • Lyciasalamandra billae ( Franzen and Klewen, 1987)
  • Lyciasalamandra fazilae ( Basoglu and Atatür, 1974)
  • Lyciasalamandra flavimembris ( Mutz and Steinfartz, 1995)
  • Karpathos salamander ( Lyciasalamandra helverseni ( Pieper, 1963) )
  • Lyciasalamandra Irfani Göçmen, Arikan, and Yalçinkaya, 2011
  • Luschans Salamander ( Lyciasalamandra luschani ( Steindachner, 1891) )
  • Lyciasalamandra yehudahi Göçmen and Akman, 2012
  • Caucasian Salamander ( Mertensiella caucasica ( Waga, 1876) )
  • North African fire salamander ( Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883)
  • Alpine Salamander ( Salamandra atra Laurenti, 1768)
  • Corsican fire salamander ( Salamandra corsica Savi, 1838)
  • Small Asian Fire Salamander ( Salamandra infraimmaculata ( Martens, 1885) )
  • Lanza's Alpine Salamander ( Salamandra lanzai Nascetti, Andreone, Capula, and Bullini, 1988)
  • Southern Spanish fire salamander ( Salamandra longirostris Joger and Steinfartz, 1994)
  • Fire Salamander ( Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) )
  • Subfamily Salam Andri Ninae Fitzinger, 1843 Genus Spectacled Salamander ( Salamandrina Fitzinger, 1826) Salamandrina perspicillata ( Savi, 1821)
  • Salamandrina terdigitata ( Bonnaterre, 1789)

Notes: The genera Ichthyosaura, Lissotriton and Ommatotriton are spin-offs from the taxon Triturus under which a few years ago the European newts were summarized. Calotriton is an exclusion from the genus Euproctus and is now a sister taxon of the genus Triturus ( s.str. ) Is considered. The monotypic genus Laotriton No distinction is made in some surveys, but the species the warts newts ( here: Paramesotriton laoensis ) assigned. A postulated by some authors genus Pingia (with the single species P. granulosa ) is understood as a synonym either of Cynops orientalis or Pachytriton brevipes. Mertensiella is now, considered only as a monotypic genus, consisting of the Caucasian salamander (compare: Lycian Salamander ).

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