Saltarello
The saltarello is a lively dance which was first mentioned in Italy in the 14th century. Some Saltarelli are yet known, but early dance steps are unknown. He is following his typical Skipping ( ital: saltare, bounce ) named. In the wake of the earliest known dance master in Europe, Domenico da Piacenza, several dance books were written in the 15th century, including the Arte Salt & Andi chorea Ducendi (F- Pn f Ital, 972). As can be seen, inter alia, have the title, at this time the term was danzare been virtually displaced by saltare, although the choreography distinguish four different types of dance, namely ( listed in increasing tempo) the bassadanza that Quadernaria (also Salterello inglese ), the actual Salterello and Piva. The Arte Salt Andi mainly describes choreography, in which up to four of these dance styles are combined, offers mainly but also the associated grade material. The saltarello stood together with the Piva at 6/8-measure, which is relatively simple rhythm in both cases.
In the four in a Tuscan manuscript ( Add. 29987 in the British Library ) traditional Saltarelli, which are composed of complicated and extensive in relation to the Piazenza Salterelli, it is safe to not use music for the dance, but performance pieces. In the 15th century the saltarello came as a dance gradually out of fashion, but in 1508 was used by Joan Ambrosio Dalza more times in his little dance suites Pavane - saltarello - Piva.
Later, the saltarello was at a carnival dance in Rome. Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy built the saltarello into the final of his Italian Symphony, after he had in 1831 attended a carnival in Rome.
The saltarello was alternately always danced at this time only by a couple that stand about the rest. He will " quickly and jumping, much danced with increasing speed with the upper body, the man is playing in dance usually the guitar, the woman strikes the tambourine or gracefully lifts the skirt; . the passionate movement, bouncing twists and the clever development of body shape reminiscent of the ancient Roman Bacchus dances "Even in the city of Rome the saltarello was dancing in the gardens and vineyards, as well as on streets and squares; he was considered a " Roman national dance ". Famous was the feast for Vintage at Monte Testaccio, the shards mountain. The picturesque effect of the dance, who held many artists was deepened by the various costumes of the dancers.
Music
- Camille Saint- Saëns: Saltarelle, op.74 for male chorus a cappella, by Gioachino Rossini, La Danza (1885 )
- Fanny Hensel: Four songs for piano, Op 6, No. 4, Il saltarello Romano (1846 )
- Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Fourth Symphony, the Italian, the fourth sentence ( 1833)