Salzburg Residenz

The old residence in the old town of Salzburg is the archbishops palace. This large building is situated between the present Cathedral Square, Residence Square and today Sigmund- Haffner -Gasse and is first detected around 1120 in a document. New buildings were made mainly in the 15th and 16th centuries, especially under Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau. The tract against the Old Market was built by Markus Sittikus, those around the main patio was completed under Paris Lodron, increased under Guidobald of Thun and Hohenstein and new fassadiert under Count Franz Anton von Harrach.

2.1 The state rooms of the old residence ( main courtyard ) 2.1.1 Karabinierisaal
2.1.2 Knights' Hall
2.1.3 Conference Room
2.1.4 Antecamera
2.1.5 Audience Hall
2.1.6 Retirada
2.1.7 box cabinet
2.1.8 bedrooms
2.1.9 Chapel
2.1.10 Picture Gallery
2.1.11 Throne Room
2.1.12 Markus Sittikus Hall
2.1.13 Imperial Hall
2.1.14 Flood hall

History

Old bishop

The first bishops and archbishops of Salzburg were simultaneously abbots of the monastery of St. Peter and stayed consistent in the monastery. Only Conrad I moved his apartment in 1120 out of the narrow area of the monastery in 1124 and built a new episcopal see in the area of the present eastern part of the residence. This bishopric, which had been expanded several times in the episode, was demolished by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich, to make room for the new residence in the style of the late Renaissance.

The residence of the prince-archbishops

Already in 1596 Wolf Dietrich also began building parts to today's main courtyard of the residence demolish and rebuild. This work was probably designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi, a well-known m student of Andrea Palladio. Some walls were discovered during restoration work here of late medieval bourgeois predecessors, some parts of the wall, walled up windows and a fireplace. In the southwest of the main courtyard of the 15th century vaults are preserved in the basement, in the tract to the Cathedral Square towards building remains of the bishop's palace of Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg.

As the first part of today's Wallistrakt was (also called Hofbogengebäude ) south Franziskanergasse rebuilt and completed. In the wake of the Tuscany tract was renewed and transformed to the so-called Dietrichsruh ( next to the Franciscan Church ). The main residence tract to the square, it was only completed under Lodron Paris.

1665-67, Archbishop Guidobald of tuna to increase the residence space- sided tract of residence. Archbishop Franz Anton von Harrach had this part of the building then a new facade design. The architect of this work was probably Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Hildebrandt also launched the contemporary renovation of interiors, especially the so-called state rooms of the residence with stucco work by Alberto Camesina and the ceiling paintings by Johann Michael Rottmayr.

Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo was 1788-92 tear down the corridor to the Churfürststraße and Sigmund- Haffner -Gasse and thereby establish novel. He then removes even the magnificently landscaped courtyard garden Wolf Dietrich and those of his successor, Markus Sittikus and the surrounding tracts of gardens, which had preserved their unique Renaisancearchitektur up to this point. 1893 but was discontinued for cost reasons following the planned expansion of the residence, Sigmund- Haffner -Gasse out in space Dietrichsruh. Only today Toskanatrakt was then completed in a new form. The also planned demolition of the Franciscan church and the conversion thereof into a court orchestra as " rotunda Roman style " with attached mausoleum in the Rococo style also was omitted.

After the end of Fürsterzbistums 1803

Until 1918, the residence was the home of members of the Austrian imperial family, particularly the Empress Dowager Caroline Augusta of Bavaria. Also leading members expelled from Florence line of Habsburg - Tuscany lived here, which led to the naming of the Tuscany tract. Until 1986 was the Toskanatrakt seat of the federal police headquarters. Since 1992, this tract is part of the Faculty of Law of the University of Salzburg.

The old residence,

The residence consists of more than 180 rooms and halls, including 15 state rooms. Known are the great Carabinierisaal. The subsequent princely rooms ( great hall, conference room, office, box cabinet and bedroom, the chapel and the drawing-room ) were redesigned under the direction of Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt and provided by Rottmayr and Martino Altomonte with paintings. In these magnificent rooms Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart made music before the Archbishop and in 1775 premiered his Violin Concerto in A major ( K. 219 ).

The Archbishop's Residence is one of the most valuable secular buildings of the old town of Salzburg. On the 2nd floor is now home to the Residence Gallery, where the painting received the painting collection of the prince archbishops kept and shown. Currently, the Domplatzseitige tract is integrated into the museum tour.

Outline of the Old Residence

The old residence is built around four courtyards:

The main courtyard ( with access from the Residence Square and Cathedral Square),
The court of Tuscany tract,
The courtyard of the former Dietrichsruh and
The small courtyard of the Wallis tract.

The state rooms of the old residence ( main courtyard )

Access to the property is via the decorated with an arcade and a Herkulesbrunnen main courtyard. Links of the fountain is the entrance to the vestibule, where the wide, representative staircase leads to the state rooms of the residence.

Karabinierisaal

The Karabinierisaal the first floor was built around 1600. It is the largest hall of residence. The hall stucco comes here by Francesco and Carlo Brenno and Antonio Carabelli. The four marble portals of the hall were built in 1610. 1660 the space was significantly increased. On the west side of the hall leads a two-armed marble staircase to the higher ground marble portal (see below) leads to the Imperial Hall. The large ceiling fresco was painted in 1689 by Johann Michael Rottmayr and represents the four elements dar. The large central panel commands while the sea god Neptune the winds. The left image shows the Calydonian boar hunt (earth), the right picture shows blacksmiths workshop of the Volcanoes (Fire). In the Eckmedaillons the four wind gods are depicted. In this space together with the performances in the stone theater of Hellbrunn Palace of the Alps were the first theater performances north, probably for the first time on 27 January 1614. The name of the hall dates back to the bodyguard of the archbishop.

All of the following living rooms were refurbished in the Order of Franz Anton von Harrach led by Lucas von Hildebrandt:

Knight's Hall

The Knights' Hall is now a popular venue of chamber music, but also by smaller festive events and festival presentations. In the 17th and 18th centuries it served as a vestibule to the royal reception and living rooms. It has a ceiling fresco by Johann Michael Rottmayr. In the center, Alexander the Great leads his father in front of his favorite horse Bucephalus. The surrounding images portray more stages in the life of Alexander. The stucco ceiling comes from Alberto Camesina, the stucco wall of Peter Pflauder. From the Knight's Hall, a passage leads through the Dombögen in the Salzburg Cathedral.

Conference hall

The conference room has a painting of Altomonte, the " Alexander at the Battle of Granicus " represents. In this small room probably played the prince- court orchestra in the numerous small house concerts, participated in the Leopold Mozart and his son Wolfgang Amadeus as concertmaster ( conductor ).

Antecamera

The Antecamera shows a ceiling painting by Martino Altomonte showing the destruction of the Gordian knot by Alexander.

Audience Hall

The magnificent audience hall, located on the corner of Old Market and Residence Square, has five in gilded stucco ceilings framed pictures of Johann Michael Rottmayr. The center shows the homage of Alexander in the city of Byblos. The landscape pictures on the doors probably by Johann Anton Eismann. The precious Brussels tapestries portray scenes from the early Roman history and have woven the Archbishop Wolf Dietrich coat of arms. The precious early classical furniture by H. Jacobs from Paris made , were purchased in 1775 for this space.

Retirada

The small living room and study ( Retirada ) of the Archbishop served in monarchical time as a bedroom of Emperor Franz Joseph I.. On the ceiling of the sacrificial Alexander is in the middle picture, painted by Rottmayr to see in Jerusalem. One of the four satellite image portrays the dream of Alexander, in which the great generals announced a high priest rule over Persia.

Box cabinet

The top image in the box Cabinet of Altomonte shows the envoys of the Scythians in the homage of Alexander. The local baroque tabernacle, created in 1720, served as a home altar by Franz Anton von Harrach.

Bedroom

In the picture from Rottmayr Alexander in the bedroom can be seen on his couch. The stucco medallions show playing music cupids. Is In the picture above the portal, painted by Andreas Nesselthaler, a seaport to see.

Chapel

The small chapel, a small almost square room with vaulted dome is decorated with a fresco Rottmayr that represents God the Father. The altar created around 1710 probably comes from Antonio Beduzzi (1711 ), the altarpiece, a Rottmayr work the marriage of Saint Catherine.

Gallery

The photo gallery has a vaulted ceiling with a marbled rim ledge. In this long room is a cast of the youth from Helen in Carinthia stands in a niche. The original was located between the discovery of the sculpture in 1502 and 1806 in the city of Salzburg, to the precious statue was taken to Vienna. The vault fresco of Rottmayr shows the glory of Arts and Sciences, marked by princely size and power foundation, surrounded by an illusionistic architectural painting. Astronomy, geometry, architecture ( the architect holding a plan of the palace in Vienna Trautson in hands ) and sculpture are symbolic under the protection of the Counts of Harrach, poetry and historiography under the protection of felicitas publica, painting and music below that of the buon governo, the good regency. The subsequent small library room has a painting of Aurora painted by Altomonte.

Throne Room

In the throne room ( parlor ), a ceiling picture of Rottmayr is with the gods feast on the occasion of the wedding of Thetis.

Markus Sittikus Hall

The Markus Sittikus Hall was built in the reign of the successor of Wolf Dietrich, Markus Sittikus. The room was newly stuccoed in 1776 by Peter Pflauders. In this hall the surrender of most of the former country of Salzburg was performed on Upper Austria as part of a state action on 1 May 1816.

Imperial Hall

The Imperial Hall (formerly Imperial Room ) is a simple room with the paintings of 14 rulers of the house of Habsburg.

Flood hall

From the deluge hall with its Renaissance ceiling is a small door in the choir of the Franciscan church.

On the third floor there is the Bishop 's residence hall and gallery. Painted ceilings and vaulted frescoes by Johann Michael Rottmayr here and Martino Altomonte, while the ceiling decoration of Alberto Camesina comes.

The Dombögen

The ( northern ) Dombögen come from Guidobald of Thun and were built around 1660. Following this, the acting is too low level facades of the east and the south wing of the residence were raised and finished with a parapet in front of the grave roof.

The Toskanatrakt

The northern wing here are walled arcades on Ionic columns over two floors. The building was rebuilt in place earlier buildings under Prince Archbishop Colloredo and is now used as part of the University of Salzburg.

The Dietrichsruh and the Sala terrene

The Dietrichsruh was built by Wolf Dietrich as secretive, but elaborately designed Renaissance garden. It also elaborately designed and once famous Renaissance garden was designed in the space of Dietrichsruh complete with fountains and many ornate artificial caves. After the completion of this work in 1609, the wings were replaced to the old market and Churfürststraße back in the late Renaissance style under Archbishop Markus Sittikus. Archbishop Colloredo had the garden and his garden grottoes and wanted to demolish it here a generous redesign, but which then was omitted for various reasons. Only one cave to remind of the former magnificent garden design. It is located in the central axis of the east wing. Now classified here statue of the resting Hercules dates from the period around 1600. Laterally, in the Cave three murals as well as shellfish and Steinchenmosaik and stucco to see.

The Sala terrene was limited on both sides by open arcades garden room before Dietrichsruh. In this open-sided room originally was also a fountain. In addition, was once a bird house that was designed as a birdhouse and another ornate fountain possessed. In the years 1983-1993 the last whitewashed ceiling of the Sala terrene was uncovered and restored in its original richly painted figure.

In the southeast corner of today's Court of Dietrichsruh is the Chapel of the Cardinal Friedrich Johannes Jacob Celestin von Schwarzenberg, Georg Pezolt had designed. In the stairwell of the Dietrichsruh the Franciscan church is rich stucco with acanthus leaves, fruit garlands, rosettes from the time of Wolf Dietrich ( 1600 configured ). On the first floor above the Sala terrene is also obtained, the former imperial hall, now called Tuscany apartment whose ceiling and wall parts were 1862 newly stuccoed.

The Wallistrakt

1964/65 were south of the Franziskanergasse except the outer walls removed as far as possible and rebuilt three wings of the arranged around a small courtyard tract. Therefore, only a few historic interiors have been preserved. The Wallistrakt is part of the sprawling complex of the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg residence. It shall be composed in different phases formed building structures. Separated by numerous alterations and change of ownership spatially from the actual residence, the apartment in Valais tract has not been treated in the literature in connection with the actual archiepiscopal residence. Built in the first phase from 1604 called Hofbogengebäude was originally used to house the apartments Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau ( 1587-1612 ). The building was built in 1604-1606 on the medieval Frohnhof, the forecourt of the cathedral. Here sufficient space was provided for in the shortest time a new home for the Prince Archbishop build to interfere with the operation of the residence without having to replace or bourgeois houses. After completion of the Hofbogengebäudes in 1606, the medieval residence was open for further reconstruction and modernization measures. North closed the Hofbogengebäude directly to the Carabinierisaal, the " sala grande" in the Residenz at. From here, the princely apartment on the 2nd floor of the Hofbogengebäudes extended to the south. In the southernmost part of the building, the private chambers of the Archbishop were. From here, led a richly stuccoed stairs in a garden room which opened out onto the westerly Hofgärtl. This " giardino segreto " was surrounded by a high garden wall. The Hofbogengebäude is associated in the literature again and again with the Venetian architect Vincenzo Scamozzi in context. Scamozzi stayed 1603/1604 proven in Salzburg on to Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau both a project for a new cathedral as well as for the renewal and expansion of the episcopal residence work out. Unfortunately, this missing all the archival evidence. However, the originally planned five passes of 1604 started Hofbogengebäudes can be uniquely set with the Domentwurf Scamozzi in conjunction. However, as the change of the original facade scheme indicates the Domplatzfassade of Hofbogengebäudes, it must have gotten to a planner or planning changes during the construction period to 1606. Already under Wolf Dietrich's successor, Markus Sittikus von Hohenems (1612-1619) are likely the Hofgärtl and the " sala terrena " have been abandoned. Within the garden walls, a three-sided cloister was built at this time with a fitted floor and walled the " sala terrena ". As an architect for this conversion work Santino Solari can be accepted. The design of the buildings and the architectural features are in a close stylistic connection to the secular buildings Solaris in Salzburg. Solari was also responsible for the construction of 1614 started, new Salzburg Cathedral. Solari was forced on the siting of the church to respect the urban planning requirements of Hofbogengebäudes and align the cathedral after this. The urban dimension of Hofbogengebäudes at the end of the archiepiscopal "via triumphalis ", the main avenue of the city, has been repeatedly emphasized in the context of parades. Thus, the arches of the Hofbogengebäudes were decorated under the Sekularfeier of 1682 as archbishop " porta triumphalis ". Then in 1690 there was a further increase in the wings in the former Hofgärtl. Purpose was, inter alia, the urban calming Franziskanergasse. The Hoftrakte served in the wake of the royal household of the Prince- Archbishop. Here were in addition to numerous homes of courtiers housed the royal underwear and the cast Cottage for, built by Johann Baptist Hagenauer and Wolfgang Marian column on Cathedral Square among others. In 1778, the family of the sister of Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo ( 1772-1812 ), Maria Franziska was referring married to Stephan Olivier Count Wallis, the apartment in Hofbogengebäude. Since that time, this part of the residence is called Wallistrakt. For this purpose, it came to major reconstruction work. The equipment from the time of Wolf Dietrich was replaced by a contemporary in the " Viennese style ". For the conversion, the French architect Louis Grenier was responsible. Next reconstruction works have been handed down from the mid-19th century. The apartment was adapted as a residence for Emperor Franz Joseph I.. In the courtyard there were smaller and fixtures. After the end of the monarchy the Wallistrakt served mainly for residential purposes. Since the 20s also sporadically university institutions were already quartered. During the period of the Nazi regime were in the building, among others the offices of Gauarchitekten. In the 60s, it was decided to establish the new University of Salzburg in the area of Old Town. The Wallistrakt was the first building, which was rebuilt in the old town of Salzburg for academic purposes. The necessary conversion work in the years 1964/65, however, a large part of the historic building was destroyed. Of the Hoftrakten only the outer walls intact with the remnants of the original garden wall. In Hofbogengebäude the destruction of the " sala terrena " and the stuccoed spiral staircase could be prevented at the last minute. The stucco ceiling of the apartment on the 2nd floor of the 18th century, however, were destroyed.

Residenzplatz Wolf Dietrich Raitenau Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt Aurora (mythology) Tethys (mythology) Heracles Arcade (architecture)

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