Samandarin

• ( 1α, 4α, 5β, 16β ) -1,4 -epoxy-3 -aza -A -16 -ol homoandrostan

Fixed

187-188 ° C

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Samandarin is a chemical compound from the group of oxazolidine derivatives, which of course as a skin poison in the Schwanzlurchgattungen Salamandra (including fire salamander ( S. salamandra ) and Alpine salamander ( S. atra) ) and Lyciasalamandra occurs. The complex structure of this compound could be decrypted only after extensive crystallographic studies. The structure of the molecule with four linked rings has great similarity with steroids; the basic structure of the four-membered ring system is the 3 -aza -A- homo - 5β -androstane. Because of the presence of a nitrogen atom in one of the rings is one Samandarin to the alkaloids.

The biosynthesis of Samandarins starts from cholesterol; the nitrogen comes from glutamine.

Samandarin causes in humans an inhibition of breathing, high blood pressure, arrhythmias of the heart as well as hemolysis. It is a potent local anesthetic, but is unsuitable due to the high toxicity for a medical application. The physiological effect of Samandarin is dependent on both the amount and the concentration. Conscience signs after it makes a difference whether the salamander be active poison sprayed in the area or flowing in waves emits into the environment. Studies showed that after a certain amount of poison, the toxic effects of Samandarin not increase (so-called on maximum dose).