Samuel Siegfried Karl von Basch

Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch ( born September 9, 1837 in Prague, † April 25, 1905 in Vienna) was an Austrian physician, pathologist and physiologist Jewish origin.

Family

He was the son of businessman Philip Basch and married to Adele Frankl. The marriage comes two daughters.

Education and work

The high school years and the first three semesters of medical studies he completed in his native city of Prague. From the winter semester of 1857 to the summer semester of 1859, he began the further development continued in Vienna. Already during his studies he was interested in an academic career and wanted to be a pathological anatomist. In 1857 Basch an opportunity to work in the laboratory of the physiologist Ernst Wilhelm von Bridge, where he worked on issues of comparative anatomy and histology and the pathological histology. A year later he published his first work over the chylopoetische and uropoetische system of Blatta orientalis. After completing his doctorate on 15 July 1862 he worked until 1865 as an assistant and assistant physician in various departments of the Vienna General Hospital (with Edward Hunter of Jaxtthal, Leopold Ritter von Dittel, Ludwig Türck and Alexander Kolisko ).

Personal physician of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico

Friedrich Semeleder (1832-1901) was of Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria ( Maximilian of Mexico, 1832-1867 ), the designated Emperor of Mexico, has been appointed as personal physician and should accompany this overseas. Previously, Semeleder wanted to become familiar with the technique of microscopy, Basch has been recommended as a teacher. According to the ideas of the Emperor Semeleder should set up in Mexico medical chairs, the chair of pathological anatomy he offered to take this opportunity to Basch, and on 10 February 1866 took the post of the commander of the military hospital in Puebla. Here he dealt primarily with dysentery. After Semeleder had given up his position as imperial personal physician in September 1866, according to Basch moved to this position. In addition, he became the chronicler of the events leading up to the capture of the Habsburg after the siege of Queretaro in May 1867 and announced six weeks imprisonment with his emperor. Maximilian of Mexico was shot under martial law on 19 June 1867 by soldiers of Benito Juarez. In November Basch returned to the frigate Novara with the corpse of the Emperor to Europe and taught Franz Joseph I on his brother and the end of the Mexican adventure fate. You Basch rewarded with elevation to knighthood and a pension from the estate of the emperor.

Back in Vienna led Basch alternately in the Wiener Laboratory of Bridge and Salomon Stricker experimental studies, practiced in the art of kymography, designed and built the necessary equipment and instruments. From 1869 he worked in the summer season as a regular spa doctor in Marienbad, in order to get the necessary funds for his scientific research.

In 1870 he qualified as a lecturer in experimental pathology and from 1873 he was introducing several times on the Physiological Institute of Carl Ludwig in the latest experimental techniques in Leipzig. 1878 Basch received the associate professorship. Advances Basch to get a private laboratory in Vienna, initially found little support. Disappointed in Vienna, he went to Berlin and found a friendly reception at the Physiological Institute Hugo Kronecker. There he developed in 1880 the first practical sphygmomanometer. Basch in 1881 was admitted to the Board an internal department of the Polyclinic of the Vienna General Hospital. At last his laboratory received an annual subsidy of 200 guilders and he became a full professor in 1900. In 1904 he gave up medical practice in Marienbad and devoted all his time to work in the laboratory.

In 1955 ( 22nd District ) was named after him in the Baschgasse Vienna Danube city.

Performance

In 1869 appeared an anatomical- clinical treatise Basch on the dysentery, which contained so many new things that Rudolf Virchow felt compelled to call Basch as " co-founder of bacteriology ."

Basch was especially successful in the field of experimental pathology in animal experiments. The focus of his work were the circulatory physiology and the pulse and blood pressure measurement. He also dealt with the effects of nicotine and the physiology and pathology of the intestinal movements. Basch was a pioneer and creator of the circulatory physiology: He founded the clinical method of blood pressure measurement and used this also to investigate normal and pathological circulation ratios. In animal experiments, Basch determined the pressure in the left atrium, a step to clarify the function of the pulmonary circulation, dealt with the heart's work (1877 ) and also contributed to the question of cardiac dyspnea (1888 ) and led the heart or the terms efficiency. breath work and hyperpnea in the circuit theory a.

Basch designed a Pelottenmanometer that could be combined with a fixation apparatus to avoid errors in inaccurate placement of the instrument to the radial artery. 1883 presented Basch before a transportable, imaginary for ambulatory blood pressure measurement metal Sphygmometer that a corrugated metal capsule used according to the principle of Aneroidbarometers to which the coming of the water-filled pad pressure was transmitted. This design was created out of the need, even at the bedside to have a reliable tool for the assessment of circulatory function. Basch 1900 described a device for the measurement of capillary pressure.

Writings

  • Anatomical and clinical studies on dysentery. In: Virchow's Archives of Pathological Anatomy and Physiology, Vol 45 (1869 ) pp. 204, ISSN 0376-0081.
  • Over the measurement of blood pressure in humans. In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 2 (1880 ), pp. 79, ISSN 0372-9192.
  • An improved Sphygmo and cardio graph. In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 2 (1880 ), pp. 654, ISSN 0372-9192.
  • A metal sphygmomanometer. In: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, vol 33 (1883 ), pp. 673, ISSN 0254-7945.
  • The sphygmomanometer and its Verwerthung in practice. In: Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift, Vol 24 (1887 ), pp. 179, 206, 224, 244, 987
  • Kapillarmanometer. In: Wiener Klinische Rundschau, vol 14 (1900), ISSN 1010-9307.
  • General physiology and pathology of the circuit. Hölder Verlag, Wien 1892.
  • About heart disease in atherosclerosis. Springer, Berlin, 1900.
  • Memories of Mexico. History of the last months of the Empire. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1868.
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