San Lorenzo in Lucina

The Basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina (Latin: Sancti Laurentii in Lucina ) is a church in Rome. It is the parish church of the same parish and titular church of the Roman Catholic Church. In addition, she was station church on Friday of the third week of Lent and is minor in the rank of a Basilica. Art-historically valuable it is, inter alia, by the works of Gian Lorenzo Bernini and the tomb of Nicolas Poussin. Is or was it also called San Lorenzo della Craticola or San Lorenzo ad titanium Occasionally.

Location

The church stands in the III. Roman rione Colonna in the Piazza di San Lorenzo in Lucina about 150 meters north of the Palazzo Montecitorio.

History

In the coming of the 17th century crypt under the main room of the church remains of a two-to vierschiffigen building were discovered from the 2nd century. It is argued that this building had a portico against the Via Lata and the building was thus to have been a trading house. Under the front part of the main room of the church remains a room were uncovered that could have references to the early Christian titulus. This has probably been in the house of a Roman lady named Lucina, which has made her private home as ecclesia domestica for the meetings of the Christian community are available. However, some authors suggest also a reference to the goddess Juno Lucina, said to have been consecrated a grove here.

The first mention of a " titulus ", and thus the only ancient titulus on the northern Campus Martius, is found in the Gesta inter Liberium et felicem in connection with the election of a pope from October 1, 366, for which came together the followers of the priest Damasus in the titulus Lucinae.

The first church building was under Pope Sixtus III. ( 432-440 ) built what the consent of the emperor Valentinian III. needed because the area of the new basilica with the right aisle on public property ( the Horologium Augusti, whose gnomon was originally located in the vicinity of today's sacristy of San Lorenzo in Lucina ) assault. This first church was a three-aisled basilica with nine arch pillars pairs and flat closing side aisles and a central nave adjoining the apse. For the nave length 43.84 m and a width of 13.25 m were determined; the total length of the church was 53.8 m and the total width of 24.75 m. The apse radius measured 6.8 m. In the clerestory there were 10 arched windows.

Under Pope Hilarius ( 461-468 ) under Benedict II ( 684-685 ) and Hadrian was the church for the first time, restored I. ( 772-795 ) more times. Here was Pope Leo III on 25 April 799. assaulted during the Collecta and threatened with the glare.

By the Sack of Rome in 1084 by the troops of Robert Guiscard, the church was badly damaged, but restored under Paschal II ( 1099-1118 ), but which almost equaled a new building, the most by the assessment made by Cardinal Bishop Leo of Ostia consecration of the high altar January 25, 1112 only partially found its conclusion. During this time, the main portal and the narthex of the church were built. The end of construction and restoration work was probably done with the consecration of the church by the antipope Anacletus II on May 25, 1130. This church was ordained but - like all religious acts of Anacletus II - canceled by the Second Lateran Council of 1139, which is why of Celestine III. again a church consecration was made on May 26, 1196.

1427 the church at the behest of Cardinal Jean de la Roche- Taislée and 1463 was a major overhaul on the instructions of Cardinal Filippo Calandrini. 1562-1564 led Cardinal Francesco Gonzaga, a further reorganization. From Cardinal Inigo d' Avalos d' Aragona in 1596 to increase the Paviments by 1.6 m was commissioned to go to the street level, which was completed under Cardinal Pietro Dezza, 1598.

In 1650 the Church of Cosima Fanzago was again restored, while she was essentially its present appearance.

During excavations in the 1990s, the Solarium Augusti were discovered under the church remains.

The new holder of the title, Albert Cardinal Ranjith has taken the church on Sunday, February 13, 2011 in possession.

In addition to her role as a station church on Friday after the third Sunday of Lent San Lorenzo in Lucina was from the 9th to the 14th century, Station Church on April 25 for the Litaniae maiores (large Bittprozession ) because they began there and they formed the first stations: at San Lorenzo in Lucina, the Pope or his deputy said the first Oration of the procession, which then subsequently on the Via Lata and Via Flaminia towards the Basilica of San Valentino ( second station ) and to the Milvian Bridge ( third station ) continued and finally ended at St. Peter's Basilica.

Basic structure

The building has a single nave and has no dome. The church is preceded by a portico.

Appearance

The facade is determined by the upstream -story portico, above which lies a powerful architrave. The portico comes just as the lion portal from the renovation in the 12th century; it was built in 1193 and several times changed in the meantime. The gable in its present form comes from the changes of the 17th century. The remaining pages of the Church are installed.

Affairs

Inside the church falls first on the rich coffered ceiling. The nave opens between the pillars by arcades in the side chapels, a total of ten. Above the cornice is not particularly striking open window. The church is indeed decorated with frescoes and stucco work, but simply decorated and restrained compared to other churches of the Baroque.

Interior decoration

High altar

The paintings of the high altar by Guido Reni. It is a Crucifixion scene and is one of his masterpieces. On the back of the altar is a marble bishop's throne from the early 12th century.

Cappella Fonseca

This chapel ( 4 on the right ) is the most important of the Church. It was designed and equipped by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It contains a bust of the physician Gabriele Fonseca, an autograph work by Bernini. This is to represent the moment in which Fonseca attacks the chest before the miracle of transubstantiation.

Tomb of Nicolas Poussin

Tomb of the 1665 deceased painter Nicolas Poussin is located on the second pillar on the right side. Founder of the grave Males was the French writer and diplomat François -René de Chateaubriand. It was built in 1830, the draft provided Léon Vaudoyer.

Grave Myslivecek

The composer Josef Mysliveček (1737-1781), a friend of Mozart, who admired him as a composer, died in Rome, and Sir Barry, took care of the funeral of his friend and teacher, in this church In the already mentioned excavations in the last decade of the 20. century, the grave and the grave monument long -lost have been found again.

Epitaph for Adam Elsheimer

Adam Elsheimer was the most important German painters of the Baroque. Born in 1578 in Frankfurt / Main since 1600 he lived in Rome. He quickly gained reputation among connoisseurs and recognition among fellow painters. But he painted little, and in small formats. He impoverished, ill, and was buried on 11 December 1610 just 32 years into his parish church in an unmarked grave. Exactly 400 years after his death recalls since December 11, 2010 Epitaph at the first column the front left of the pioneers of baroque painting. Even though it largely fell under the splendor of the great Dutch and the Italians into oblivion, its merits are undisputed. Elsheimer's paintings were copied 200 years after his death and engraved on copper; Rubens lamented his early death, Sandrart writes admiringly of him. Unmatched is his account of the " Flight into Egypt ", an outstanding night with a salvaged piece of God's creation the Holy Family under a never -before-seen stars, probably even before Galileo observed through a telescope.

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