Sanakht

Sanacht (also Hor Sanacht or night -Sat ) is the Horus name of an ancient Egyptian King (Pharaoh) of the 3rd Dynasty, who reigned about BC 2690-2670.

Documents

Sanachts Horus name is occupied by two rock art in Sinai ( Wadi Maghara ) and by seal impressions from the North Temple of the complex of Djoser 's pyramid and from the mastaba K2 in Beit Khallaf. In addition, evidence from Elephantine were added in more recent times.

The two rock reliefs from the Wadi Maghara show king Sanacht, once with each of the red crown of the North and the white crown of the South. On the relief, on which Sanacht to see with the white crown of the south, he stands in front of a shrine which probably represents Horus of Hierakonpolis. This figure is remarkable, since so far in Wadi Maghara by any other king a relief could be occupied by a Horus shrine. The resulting solid conclusion that Sanacht built an appropriate sanctuary in Wadi Maghara is doubtful, since it was dedicated to the " Lord of the highlands ". In addition, is singled believed that Sanacht the dynastic shrine of Upper Egypt, Hierakonpolis sought to solicit from there the divine benevolence for the planned expedition to the Wadi Maghara.

On the southern Wadi Maghara relief Sanachts this is shown in the typical pose of " slaying the enemy." From the inscription preserved right outside of the rock fragment following excerpt is received: " Mefkat " ( mf.k3.t ), the ancient Egyptian word for turquoise. The word contained in the inscription is considered one of the earliest evidence regarding the gemstone. Like Djoser and Sekhemkhet led Sanacht at least one expedition to the Wadi Maghara to import, among others, the precious gemstone to Egypt. Sanacht shows up on this relief with the red crown of the North.

Reign

The occupied on the aforementioned rock art from the Sinai expeditions to the expulsion of hostile Bedouins and the procurement of turquoise are the only reports contemporary events under Sanacht. Otherwise, little is known of his reign.

Identification with later King name

Modern research investigated whether Sanacht can be equated with the Ramesside king lists names appearing in " Nebka ". So Toby Wilkinson, Stephan Seidl Mayer, Kenneth Anderson Kitchen and Rainer Stadlmann are convinced that Sanacht named " Nebka " is identical. Background of the assumption is a Tonsiegelfragment on which the bottom part is a cartridge appear. In this cartridge Wilkinson, Seidlmayer and Stadelmann mean the remains of a Ka - symbol to see why they reconstruct the name to " Nebka ". Although Dietrich Wildungsmauer favors also equating Nebka with Sanacht, however, questioned the validity of the Tonsiegels, since this is too badly damaged and the inscription preserved a reading of a cartridge with the name " Nebka " not bear.

John D. Degreef, Nabil Swelim and Wolfgang Helck speak out against equating Nebka with Sanacht. They also refer to the question Tonsiegelfragment, and to the fact that the name " Nebka " appears on any monument and in any document from before Djoser. Nabil Swelim identified Nebka with the Horus name Chaba.

Nabil Swelim identified Sanacht with the mentioned in Manetho chronicles ruler Mesochris and regarded the name as a throne name of Sanacht. He dated it between the seventh and eighth king of 3rd dynasty and brings Sanacht also with the brick building and the perimeter wall of El Deir in conjunction.

Jürgen von Beckerath, Wolfgang Helck, and Peter Dietrich Wildungsmauer Kaplony set the Horus name of the Sanacht coincide with the date also not sure associated with the name of King Sa. They consider the name "Sa " as a short form of " Sanacht ". From this equation out suggests Wolfgang Helck equate Sanacht with the Nisut - Biti name Weneg. However Weneg ruled during the 2nd dynasty, which is why Helck 's proposal so far met with disbelief.

Grave

The grave of Sanacht is considered lost. A long time has been considered as Sanachts grave into consideration the mastaba K2 in Beit Khallaf, today it is regarded as the burial of a high official, Prince or Queen. Due to the earlier assumptions were finds of bone fragments, indicating a very large man of about 1.90 m body length, which is reminiscent of an anecdote of the historian Manetho, the "high five spans three cubits wide " describes a king named as Sesôchris. Wolfgang Helck has Sanacht contrast to an unfinished plant west of the Pyramid of Djoser.

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