Saw-wort

Dyer Forcella ( Serratula tinctoria )

The dyer Forcella ( Serratula tinctoria ) is a plant which belongs to the subfamily Carduoideae in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). It was formerly used as a dye plant, which the dye Serratulin mainly located in the leaf. The color produced was the so-called " bulk Yellow".

Description

The Dyer - notch grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches a height between 30 and 100 centimeters. She is bald and branched in the upper part. The lower leaf blades are ovate to lanceolate and petiolate, the higher short or not stalked and pinnate, usually with a larger end. The leaf margin serrate sharp.

The bloom conditions are often together in a doldenartig flattened, total paniculate inflorescence. The bell-shaped sleeve is cylindrical and about 15 mm long and 8 mm wide. The lanceolate bracts are green, but often purple crowded, and usually with a blackish spike tip; Appendage missing. Each flower head contains only tubular flowers. The Roehrig fused petals are purple, rarely white. The flowering period extends from July to September.

Occurrence and risk status

The Dyer's saddle is distributed from northern Spain to Siberia, on partial shade to semi- sunny locations to moor meadows, open forests and tall herb communities with poor soils.

In German-speaking subspecies monticola only in the native Switzerland (Alps), in Germany it is a naturalized neophyte. The nominate form applicable in Germany as " endangered".

System

The Dyer's saddle was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. There are three subspecies, the taxonomic evaluation of the subspecies monticola is controversial:

  • Ordinary dyer Forcella ( Serratula tinctoria tinctoria subsp. ): The plants reach a Wüchshöhe of up to 100 cm. The 5-8 mm thick flower baskets are not closer to each other. The outer bracts are narrower than 2 mm. This subspecies is widespread eurosibirisch, associated with pennyroyal, God - hyssop, summer snowflake, Clematis integrifolia. They inhabited open forests and reeds and marsh areas of hill and montane levels.
  • Big Headed dyer Forcella (. Serratula tinctoria subsp monticola ( Boreau ) Berher, Syn: Serratula tinctoria subsp macrocephala ( Bertol. ) Wilczek & Schinz. ): The plants rarely exceed a height of 40 cm. The 6 to 12 mm thick flower baskets are often closer to each other. The outer bracts are 2 to 2.5 mm long. This subspecies is widespread in Central and South Eastern Europe and comes in sunny locations in open woods or on the mountain slopes of the subalpine, alpine occasionally stage before.
  • Serratula tinctoria subsp. seoanei ( Willk. ) M. Lainz: This subspecies occurs in the Iberian Peninsula and France.

Swell

  • Dagmar Lange: Serratula. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (ed. ): The ferns and flowering plants of Baden -Württemberg. Volume 6: Special section ( Spermatophyta, subclass unranked ): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart ( Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1, pp. 269-272.
  • Hans Simon (ed. ): The free- jewelry perennials. Manual and encyclopedia of garden perennials. Founded by Leo Jelitto, Wilhelm Schacht. 5th completely revised edition. Volume 2: I to Z, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart ( Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3265-6, p 857
  • Dyer's saddle. In: FloraWeb.de subsp. . tinctoria
  • Dyer's saddle. In: FloraWeb.de subsp. . monticola (as subsp. macrocephala )
Genus Gratiola officinalis Werner Greuter
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