Sawmill

Sawmills (regional and saw mill, sawmill (CH), Sagi (CH), granulator, board mill, board mill or sawmill called ) are farms which serve the workup of the products supplied by the forestry round wood into planks, timbers and beams.

Products and process units

The products are also known as timber ( lumber ). The incision is made mostly of frame saws, but also in band and circular saws. Nowadays also increasingly used Profilzerspaner.

Powered she were formerly usually by a water wheel, later by steam engines or diesel engines, and today usually with electric motors.

A sawmill consists essentially of the following process units:

• Logyard - delivery and storage of logs
• Log sorting - debarking, electronic measurement and sorting of logs
• Incision line - The Heart of the sawmill. Here the logs are processed into lumber. Were as main engines and saws and band saws are traditionally used. Modern systems use powerful chipper Boater combinations, chipper canter or gate Boater combinations.
• Lumber sorting - Squares, planks, boards and much more are here electronically measured and sorted by size and quality.
• Baling or stacking system - The lumber is gathered here for storage or drying to the so-called air stacks or to manufacture shipping packages.
• Dry facilities - In the lumber drying kilns is brought to the required for the further processing and use of wood moisture.
• The main product is sawn timber, further processed into laminated wood, construction timber ( KVH ), solid wood boards, planed, profiled timber or used rough sawn to various construction purposes ( roof structures, roof decking, exterior formwork, various construction purposes ).

The resulting sawmill by-products are also reused:

• Bark is burned for heating purposes (biomass) or turned into mulch.
• Wood shavings, sawdust and sieving are used as raw material in the fiberboard industry or pressed into pellets.
• Wood chips (wood chips ) and off-cuts is mainly in the paper industry for pulp production or is also burned for heating or compressed into pellets.

A distinction is made between hardwood and softwood sawmills.

The largest hardwood sawmills in Germany operates the Pollmeier solid wood GmbH & Co. KG. Its headquarters, the company has Creuzburg and operates two sawmills in Malchow and Aschaffenburg. More than 600,000 cubic meters of roundwood book are cut annually at the three sites.

About the largest softwood sawmill Europe Ilim Nordic Timber features in Wismar. On two profiling of LINCK HVT 2.2 million annually solid cubic meters of wood are processed in multi-shift operation. The feed rate of the line I is a maximum of 150 meters per minute, the maximum of the line II is 160 meters per minute.

In terms of production capacity of the Finnish- Swedish company Stora Enso Timber is the second largest timber company in the world. The company operates 25 sawmills in eleven countries in which 7.5 million cubic meters of sawn wood products are processed. Stora Enso is more than 700 years, the oldest corporation in the world.

History

The precursor of the sawmill is the Grubensäge, here is the root of two persons was divided by a vertical current saw. This also corresponding structures were later built (see also Underdog (sociology) ).

The sawmill of Hierapolis was a Roman water-powered Steinsägemühle in Asia Minor ( modern Turkey ) was converted from the 3rd century AD The water mill is the first known machine in which a rotary motion of the crankshaft and connecting rod using a linear motion.

A written certificate stating the ancient operation of water-powered marble saws close to Trier from, can be found in Ausonius ' poem Mosella from the late 4th century AD, about the same time wrote a passage in the work of the Holy Gregory of Nyssa suggests the existence of Marmorsägemühlen also in the Anatolian area, to ensure a wide dissemination of these industrial mills is likely in the late Roman Empire.

More Roman Steinsägemühlen who worked with crank and connecting rod, but without gear train, were excavated in Jerash (Jordan) and Ephesus (Turkey). Both mills date back to the 6th century AD Another sawmill could have stood in the Swiss Augusta Raurica, where they discovered a metal crankshaft from the 2nd century AD.

The oldest post-antique sawmill in Germany is the 1295 Urtelmühle mentioned in Lenggries. Another sawmill is attested in 1310 in Kirchheim unter Teck. And for 1322 Hanrey Sawmill near Augsburg is documentary evidence. Already from the period 1220-1240 originates a drawing of the French architect Villard de Honnecourt showing the mechanism of a sawmill.