Saxifragaceae

Two saxifrage species ( Saxifraga ), illustration

The saxifrage family ( Saxifragaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of the saxifrage -like ( Saxifragales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). They come in the temperate climate zones, in particular in the northern hemisphere. In North America, 23 genera occur with about 158 ​​species. In Central Europe this family ( Chrysosplenium ) and saxifrage ( Saxifraga ) is represented by the genera Milzkraut.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

There are one-, two-year to perennial herbaceous plants. You can train rhizomes or stolons. Some species are succulent. CAM has been demonstrated in several species.

The leaves are mostly alternate, against constantly at Chrysosplenium, Lithophragma, Mitella, some Saxifraga, mostly arranged in basal rosettes or sometimes distributed on the stem. There may be a leaf-stalk. The leaf blade is usually simple or rarely assembled at in Astilbe, Lithophragma, Tiarella. The leaf margin is smooth, sinuate, serrate, dentate, ciliate or glandular - ciliate. Stipules are present or absent.

Generative features

The flowers appear singly or in pairs to 300 (rarely up to about 1000) in terminal, simple or compound, usually racemose, paniculate or zymösen together in inflorescences. There may be bracts.

The five-fold radial symmetry and most flowers are hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual some Astilbe species and Saxifraga species. Many Saxifraga species have zygomorphe flowers. The flower cup ( hypanthium ) is free or more or less adherent to the ovary. There are usually five (four to six) free sepals and usually five (four to six) free petals present, which may be lobed or unlobed. In most cases one or two circles, each with five fertile stamens are present, it can be a total of two to ten. But in the genus Milzkraut ( Chrysosplenium ) the flowers are cruciform with only one Blütenhüllblattkreis and two circles, each with four stamens. The mostly two or three rare top - up under constant carpels are fused above and below free. The usually three, rarely two pen are free and shorter than the ovary. Most Saxifragaceae are homostyl, except for the heterostyled Jepsonia.

The flowers formula is: or or

The fruit capsules or follicles containing from two to two hundred seeds. The tiny to small seeds contain oil-containing endosperm and a small, straight embryo.

System

The Saxifragaceae family in 1789 erected Plantarum, p 308 under the name " Saxifragae " by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in generations. Type genus Saxifraga L. is. Molecular genetic studies have led to some genera, for example, filed earlier here in Soltis & Soltis 1997, are now classified in other families. Also give the research results of recent years that some genera shared, extended, or were re- erected and this is not yet completed and partially still under discussion.

The family contains about 33 to 38 genera with about 540-600 species:

  • Astilboides ( Hemsl. ) Engl: with only one kind in northern China: Panel sheet ( Astilboides tabularis ( Hemsl. ) Engl )
  • Bensoniella oregona ( Abrams & Bacig. ) C.V.Morton
  • Conimitella williamsii ( Rydb. ) D.C.Eaton
  • Shield sheet, screen saxifrage, Indian rhubarb, umbrella plant ( Darmera peltata ( Torr. ex Benth ) Voss, Syn: .. Saxifraga peltata Torr, Peltiphyllum peltatum Engl )
  • Elmera racemosa ( S.Wats. ) Rydb.
  • Leptarrhena pyrolifolia ( D.Don ) Ser.
  • Maple Leaf ( Mukdenia rossii ( Oliv. ) Koidz. )
  • Oresitrophe rupifraga Bunge
  • Saxifragella bicuspidata ( Hook. f ) Engl
  • Saxifragodes albowiana ( Kurtz ) D.M.Moore; Home: Land of Fire
  • Saxifragopsis fragarioides (Greene) Small
  • Tanakaea radicans Franch. & Sav.
  • Incorrect mandrake root ( Tellima grandiflora R.Br. )
  • Tetilla hydrocotylifolia DC.
  • Hen with chicks ( Tolmiea menziesii Torr. & A. Gray ).

Swell

  • The Saxifragaceae on the APwebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The family at DELTA. ( Description section )
  • Elizabeth Fortson Wells & Patrick E. Elvander: Saxifragaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 8, 2009, pp. 43-230: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • David John Mabberley: The Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press 1987. ISBN 0-521-34060-8
Crassulacean acid metabolism Boykinia Adolf Engler Hiroshi Hara (botanist) Tierra del Fuego Agricultural Research Service
711293
de