Scandinavian Defense
In the Scandinavian Defense is an opening of the chess game. It is one of the half- open games and is classified in the ECO codes under the key B01.
In the tournament practice all the games after 1 e2- e4 at about 3.5 percent 1 ... d7 -d5 replies. The opening is to be found at a grandmaster level and at club level players.
The Scandinavian defense begins with the trains
1 e2- e4 d7 -d5
History
The Scandinavian Defence has already been mentioned in the 15th century (probably 1497 ) of Lucena and 1858 introduced by Adolf Anderssen in his match against Paul Morphy in the tournament practice at a high level of play. In 1934 she was the subject of so-called Peruvian Immortals game. It was long regarded as not fully satisfying because their characteristic - the quick intervention of the lady - the classic opening strategy contradicts. In the 14th game of the match at the PCA World Chess Championship 1995 between Garry Kasparov and Viswanathan Anand of Indians chose completely surprising the Scandinavian defense, reached as Black a good game, but lost the game ultimately. Matthias Wahls made in 1997 with his monograph is an important contribution to the penetration and popularization of the opening. In recent years, the Scandinavian defense is played regularly at international top tournaments. So in 2006 with Gata Kamsky and Sergey Tiviakov two world-class grandmasters in the famous Corus tournament in Wijk aan Zee applied this opening.
Characteristics and variants
The Scandinavian Defense leads to the exchange of the white e-pawn against the black d-pawn. Respect, there is a structural similarity to the classical system of the Caro- Kann Defence. Black develops his white -squared bishop and inhibits the white rise in the center, by placing pawns on e6 and c6. White strives against it, exploit its advantage in space and the exposed position of the black lady.
The main line starts with 2 e4xd5 Dd8xd5 3 Nb1 - c3 - a5 Qd5. After the natural trains 4 d2 -d4 Ng8 - f6 5 Lf1 - c4 - c6 c7 ... 5 6 Lc1 -d2 is called Kupreitschik variant. After a further 6 ... Bc8 - f5 7 Sg1 -f3 e7 - e6 8 Nc3 -d5 -d8 Qa5 9 Sd5xf6 Dd8xf6 Alexei Shirov took place in 1997 in Madrid against Valeri Borisovich Salow 10 Dd1 - e2! on board.
Playable is also 3 ... Qd5 - d6, which was in question, for example, in the Grand Masters match between Christian Bauer and Francisco Vallejo Pons in 2005. With similar ideas can also be done 3 ... Qd5 -d8, which Emir Dizdarević on the 2004 Olympics was successful against the higher Alexei Shirov to assess,.
After 2 ... Ng8 - f6 the two-edged "Scandinavian Gambit " is introduced, which usually leads to sharp play when Black sacrifices a pawn, after about 3 c2 - c4 e7 - e6 or 3 d2 -d4 lc8 - 4 g4 f2 -f3. The pawns 3 c7 - c6 ... leads to the rejection of 4 d2 -d4 c6xd5 to the Panov - Attack of the Caro- Kann Defence. White but can also, as in the played in Lausanne in 2000 match between Alexander and Vladimir Malakhov Grishchuk continue calmly with 3 Sg1 -f3.