Schizaeales

Anemia mexicana

The Schizaeales are a small order of ferns with only four genera.

Features

The fertile sporophylls are set up differently than the sterile Trophophylle. There is no sori defined as in the other leptosporangiaten ferns. Sporangia have a transverse, located below the top, through the annulus.

The leaves can be grassy - dichotomous, pinnate or even overcoming.

Occurrence

The species are mainly found in the tropics. All species grow terrestrially.

System

The Schizaeales are the sister group of the " core Leptosporangiaten Ferns " from Polypodiales, tree ferns and Salviniales. You are monophyletic and consist of three families:

  • Lygodiaceae with the single genus: Climbing fern ( Lygodium Sw. ), With around 25 species: they grow terrestrially throughout the tropics. The rhizome is creeping, slender and hairy. The leaves climbing, growth is not determined. The leaf veins are free or anastomosing. The sori are to rag on the last sheet segments. The sporangia are individually (one per sorus ) and are of a indusium - like structure covered. 128 to 256 tetrahedral and trilete spores are formed per sporangium. The gametophytes are green, heart-shaped and aboveground alive. The basic chromosome number is x = 29 or 30, the following types are sometimes in culture: Big Kletterfarn ( Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. ), Origin: South China, Philippines, Ausralein (Queensland )
  • Japanese Kletterfarn ( Lygodium japonicum ( Thunb. ) Sw. ), Origin: China, Korea, Riu -Kiu Islands, Taiwan
  • Hand shaped Kletterfarn ( Lygodium palmatum ( Bernh. ) Sw. ), Origin: USA
  • Snake Kletterfarn ( Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw. ), Origin: tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Australia, Polynesia
  • Lygodium Sw volubile, home. Central America, West Indies, tropical South America
  • Anemiaceae with the single genus: Flowers ferns ( Anemia Sw. ), With over 100 species: there are terrestrial, mainly neotropical ferns. The rhizome is creeping or ascending and hairy. The leaves have a limited growth, and are dimorphic. The leaf veins are branched dichotomously and end dates. The sporangia are usually at the basal Fiederpaar that is highly modified and is perpendicular to the top. 128 to 256 tetrahedral spores with parallel grooves are formed per sporangium. The gametophytes are green, heart-shaped and aboveground alive. The basic chromosome number is x = 38 The following species are occasionally in culture: Anemia mandiocana Raddi, Origin: Brazil
  • Naturalized in Mexico, Central America, West Indies, tropical South America, in Sri Lanka: Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Sw, home.
  • Anemia rotundifolia Schrad, home. Southern Brazil
  • Anemia tomentosa ( Savigny ) Sw, home. South America, Ethiopia, South Africa ( Natal), South India
  • Schizaeaceae with about 30 species. The Cretaceous genus Schizaeopsis is the oldest fossil of this group. The family grows terrestrially and is pantropical spread. The leaves are simple and linear or fan-shaped with dichotomous, freely ending veins. The sporangia are marginal to branched or unbranched projections of the blade tip. There is no Sori or indusia. The basic chromosome number is x = 77, 94 or 103 subheading includes the genera: Schizaea Sm, with green filamentous gametophyte comprises at least about 13 species
  • Actinostachys Wall. , With no green, tuberous gametophyte comprises about five types

The order is known since the Jurassic.

Charophyta Leptosporangiate fern Wilhelm Philippe Schimper
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