Schlachte Great Crane
The cranes at the Bremer Slaughter were hoists in various forms of construction ( Wuppen, cranes), who served on the quay of the slaughters, the port of the Hanseatic city of Bremen in pre-industrial times, the movement of goods.
Uferkaje
The use of cranes in port operations always assumes that a precipitous Kajenanlage exists, accomplish at the edge of these hoists the handling of heavy goods between the shore and moored ship. At least since the second half of the 15th century, but probably much earlier, Bremen possessed with the slaughters of any such plant, which was initially filled up with piles of sand and fixed, wattle and planks, renewed in 1580 of stone. In many cases, changed and improved, remained the steep sea wall until the recent time received. Only after the Second World War, she received a preliminary bed by a non-historical distance from the river, but the wall is moved to the walkers on the submitted and since its transformation to Flanierzone again widened promenade close in mind.
Wuppen
Forerunner of the winches equipped with cranes were lifting trees as rockers ( North German: Wuppen ) were designated. Each rocker consisted of a 12 m long double-armed lever which was mounted tiltable and rotatable at its center on the top of a high mast. Your first mentioned in 1489 suggests the existence of a quay, which allowed the immediate start of larger ocean-going vessels. Five to six such later provided with pulleys and distinguishable by color paint paddles were placed on the Slaughter and remained until the late 18th century present.
Cranes
In the second half of the 16th century, the quay was further built out into the deep water Weser and fastened with a stone wall. At least in the first decades of the 17th century a first Tretradkran for heavy loads was built on the harbor edge. It was part of a construction type, in which, in a fixed housing which was Tretradkonstruktion rotatably together with the roof about a vertical axis. At the Bremen Town View of Merian (1638 /41), the construction is sufficiently clear.
In 1684 he was replaced by another model, probably the one that had seen in Bremen Jacob Leupold, a significant technical architect of the Baroque period, and as well as the rocker described in his standard work on the lifting of his time as exemplary and abbildete. Accordingly, the Bremer crane of two treadwheels was put into operation, in which up to six sick True, the load rope wrapped through its course on a wave and so, depending on the direction, the load lifted or lowered. Swiveling was in this type of crane only the boom (on the engraving illustrated shortened for reasons of space ), headed by the load rope was attached. This ran from there as if on a pulley on a block that held the hooks, through various guide rollers back to said main shaft. Leupold estimated the lifting capacity of the crane, to more than three tons.
The majority of the envelope is, however, moves in the form of bags and small tons of Maskopsträgern by hand. Only weightier heavier units such as general cargo, eg Stone blocks were lifted by crane.
Following the lead of a decade earlier for the first time built in England harbor cranes iron hand-operated crank cranes were erected iron since 1837 also at the Bremer Slaughter, the old and the Wuppen Tretradkran replaced entirely until 1856. To strip the crank cranes by steam cranes no longer came there, among other things due to lack of railway connection ( cf. Weser Railway Station, 1860) was a rapid decline of slaughters as a transshipment port. As the only still visible remains of the former hoist to the quay wall at the height of the Second Schlachtpforte the Slaughter is only a semi-circular base of the bank for a swiveling iron cranes survived.
The Slaughter in Bremen with the built at the beginning of the 17th century, heavy-duty crane. Copper engraving by Merian (detail) 1638 / 41st
Tretradkran of the Bremer Slaughter, top: elevation, including: floor plan. The boom is shown in abbreviated form. Engraving from J. Leupold, 1725, Table 32
The Slaughter in Bremen. The Wuppen have disappeared and the Tretradkran is replaced by three iron cranes. Lithograph by Hüser, 1862.
Half-round foundation for an iron crane of the 19th century on the quay. The only visible remnant of the infrastructure of the port. Photo 2013.