Schmachter See and Fangerien Nature Reserve
54.3944513.59112Koordinaten: 54 ° 23 ' 40 "N, 13 ° 35' 28" E
The nature reserve Schmachter lake and Catch Rien is a 262 hectare nature reserve in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The protected status was made on 7 December 1994 with the aim to obtain a section of the ostrügischen hills with a silted Sea and adjacent wet meadows, bogs and forests and develop.
The Schmachter lake is located immediately southwest of Binz. The eponymous place Schmacht is located on the western shore of the lake. The nature reserve is bordered to the south to the place Serams and the federal highway 196 As Catch Rien is a book called Forest on the northwest shore of the lake. The area of forest condition is rated as good. The unsatisfactory state of the lake Schmachter was improved by a restoration measure in the context of large-scale conservation project Ostrügensche Bodden landscape.
History
The Schmachter lake was formed from a Toteisblock during the last ice age. Due to the rise in sea level of the Littorina transgression flooded the land and got connected to the Baltic Sea. The Schmachter Lake was a bay between the mountains of the Granitz and Hagen mountains. The steep slopes on today's western shore of the lake at the time were active riparian areas. By balancing coastal processes, enlarged the beach ridge system of northerly Schmale Heide and led to the closure of the lake of the Baltic Sea 2500 years ago. On the beach ridges is now home to the town of Binz. The lake silted up and it formed a grove and reed belt. In the West, the flow-through and lowmoors emerged.
The Megalithic grave in Schmacht indicates a human settlement since the Neolithic period. The Swedish Matrikelkarte from 1700 and the Urmesstischblatt of 1866 shows the Catch Rien passed with forest and Hutenutzung. The flow Moor in the south was drained in the 19th century by trenches and used for agriculture. In the 1970s, the marsh was converted into Saatgrasland and grazing. After 1990, these areas were partially broke. Through extensive sewage discharges into the lake Schmachter GDR times, the Strape Sea deteriorated considerably. The polytrophic lake was sludged extensively in 2004.
Plant and animal world
The Schmachter lake has largely lost its original vegetation of a mesotrophic lake. Milfoil and chickweed still grow with duckweed and reed beds near the shore. In the north, west and south Erlenbruchwald surrounds and Iris, Marsh Cinquefoil, water pen and tongue Buttercup the lake. Wet meadows with sedges and reeds can be found to the south. In the far south of the nature reserve, the areas with thickets of gray willow and birch have been passed. In the Catch Rien beech forest with oak and hornbeam, and Melick grows in the understory.
The Schmachter lake is an important feeding and resting area for ducks, divers and mergansers. Over 1,000 latching Smew were observed. Highlighting values breeding birds bittern, marsh harrier, Savi's Warbler, Reed Warbler, Common Snipe, corncrake and Dove. About 90 snail and mussel species, and five cancers were detected.