Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition ( SPARC) was founded in 1998 in the USA by libraries. The aim of the merger is a high quality and at the same affordable low range of publication opportunities for scientific literature as a counterweight to established commercial publishers to create, based on a member system. For Europe, there is a European branch of this initiative called SPARC Europe, which brings together the European interests and cooperates with the Budapest Open Access Initiative and others.