Schwarza (Leitha)

Plan Schwarza in Southern Lower Austria

The Schwarza the Hoellental

The Schwarza is a river in Lower Austria. She is a wealth of river Leitha.

Course

It rises at the Rohrer saddle, flows through the valleys and the Schwarzatal. In Haderswörth in the community Lanzenkirchen the Schwarza flows together with the Pitten and is then called Leitha. The length is 78 km. The Schwarza is part of the Natura 2000 site Northeastern edge Alps: Hohe Wand - Schneeberg - Rax.

Character

The Schwarza distinguished in the upper reaches by percussion slopes, high banks of rock, gravel bars, pools and deep gutters. The underflow to Schwarzau am Steinfeld is highly regulated. Only between Schwarzau am Steinfeld and Bad Erlach, the Schwarza can spread again in broad meanders. From Loipersbach, the Schwarza on a percolation path, where the majority of the water seeps into the gritty underground of the stone field.

The river bed below the so-called " Dunkelsteiner weir " in the municipality of Ternitz is mostly water bearing only at the time of snowmelt and heavy rains. The water flows through multiple channels work through the town of Neunkirchen. Some small hydropower plants are driven here.

In the " Peischinger (land ) defense " is usually initiated all the water Schwarza ( max. 7,000 liters per second) in the reciprocal stream that feeds the Wiener Neustadt Canal.

During heavy rainfall, the time of snowmelt and thunderstorms Schwarza can quickly swell to a torrent.

→ flow regime of the Leitha

Meaning of Economy and Transport

Its economic importance was the first river in the context of timber harvesting. The wood of the forests on both sides of Schwarza was getriftet from 1803 on the Schwarza and Kehrbach to Wiener Neustadt, loaded onto barges and taken over the channel Wiener Neustadt to Vienna.

Before, it was processed in the Wind bridge in large kilns to charcoal. Early to mid -19th century settled numerous factories, especially paper mills in the region.

Similarly, the Schwarza is exploited for electricity generation. To this end several plant canals were built along the Schwarza, flows through today, a large part of the water Schwarza.

Of the once important paper mills today is only the company Mayr- Melnhof ( MM Karton ) Hirschwang in operation. Numerous plant closures had governed the working and social life of the region. Thus, a television documentary by the name postal address 2640 Schlöglmühl about the decline of the former paper stronghold was filmed after the closure of the paper mill in Schlöglmühl.

In the entire course of the river Höllentalstraße (B 27) the Schwarzatal uses.

Water from the catchment area of ​​the Schwarza is used for drinking water supply of Vienna, since 1869-1873, the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline was built.

Natural space

Typical species for Schwarza are: otters, wagtails, herons, wall creeper, dippers, grayling, brown trout, Koppe ( fish).

It is worth noting that in Kaiserbrunn the fishing economic use of conventional restocking has been changed to support the natural volume in the Schwarza. In particular, the stock of domestic brook trout is supported by " cocooning" and "Artificial nests ". The goal of this project is to establish a basal and reproductive fish fauna. Particularly, the use of "artificial nests " (which are directly introduced into the substrate spawning beds) supports the natural emergence of brook trout.