SCMaglev

The Japanese JR - Maglev with the latest test trains MLX01 is a maglev project in test operation in Yamanashi Prefecture. It should be part of a connection between the cities of Tokyo and Osaka. The trains float on electrodynamic superconducting coils ( ironless linear stator ). Currents during fast driving by alternating magnetic fields induced inside the vehicle, which in turn generate an opposing field for the support function.

Technology

Maglev need a floating system, a guidance system and a propulsion system.

Levitation system

The JR - Maglev uses the electrodynamic levitation system ( EDS). Locomotive magnetic fields produce this by induction a retroactive effect in the guide rail. This force keeps the train in the balance. The JR Maglevs have superconducting magnetic coils and the guide rails included normal magnetic coils.

If the train is moving at high speed, the magnetic coils generate in the guide rail, a repulsive force on the approximation of the superconducting magnet coils on the train.

EDS has the advantage over the electromagnetic levitation system (EMS ) of the Transrapid maglev system that the distances are larger, but EDS needs additional wheels to move the train at low speeds because the EDS at low speeds can not muster enough magnetic force (150 km / h or less when JR Maglev ). At a higher speed, the wheels are retracted, however, so that the train floats.

Management system

Laterally in the guideway mounted linear motor holds and stabilizes the vehicle permanently in the center of the track. For emergencies, but are on the side of the vehicle still small wheels.

Drive system

JR Maglev is driven by a linear motor. This system is needed to feed the coils to the guide rails and power.

The drive system is reversed used as a generator brake. The vehicle also has various air brake valve that can be driven out (similar to the brakes of an airplane wing ), and by the increased air resistance, the braking performance can be increased.

Development

In 1962 the research began. The first Japanese magnetic levitation vehicle, ML 100, was presented to the public in 1973. You could think of it as a counterpart to the German Transrapid hovering electromagnetically.

The first major test track was built in 1977 in Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. She had a length of about 7 km, was one lane and was for the most part straight and had a curve of 5,000 feet radius curve. Two years later, a new 13-meter prototype, ML 500, up 517 km / h speed record.

An application route (18 km long, double track ) was built from 1990 to 1996 with a tunnel proportion of 90% on the urban areas of Otsuki and Tsuru in Yamanashi prefecture, west of Tokyo. The track is later to be portion of a commercially used line Tokyo -Osaka. Since 1997, test runs are performed with different speeds and configurations on the track.

Record runs on the Yamanashi Test Line ( YMTL )

On 3 October 1997, with the first three sections test train, MLX01, a speed of 451 km / h and 531 km / h, April 14, 1999 reached 552 km / h on December 12. On 2 December 2003, the vehicle MLX01 a new world speed record for rail vehicles, which is still not broken. After previous unmanned test drives with up to 575 km / h, a speed of 581 km / h was reached in the afternoon. To achieve this speed, the vehicle needed from the state (0 km / h) 92 seconds and put it back 8,800 meters. For the same speed of 300 km / h from the state needed to compare the ICE3 ( half-train ) from 0 to 300 km / h 324 seconds and the Transrapid 08 98 seconds.

The speed of the record run was maintained due to the short test track for only 5 seconds before the vehicle had to brake again. But this required 167 seconds to a complete stop. The vehicle put this total 17.8 kilometers in 4.4 minutes before. Higher speeds would be quite attainable when the test track would be extended from the current 18 km.

In fiscal 2003 was on a day with a vehicle one days mileage of 2876 km in the shuttle ( between the one and the other end of the test track ) can be achieved at a maximum speed of 400 km / h. Furthermore, were a distance of 11,161 kilometers traveled in ten days at a time mileage.

Since the commissioning of the second four sections test train MLX01, in 1998, regularly encounter trips take place in the high speed range. In November 2004, was set up with two oppositely moving trains with 1026 km / h speed encounter a new world record. It drove one of the two trains of 575 km / h By October 2004, the total distance over 400,000 kilometers were covered and taken 80,000 visitors.

Public transport

Meanwhile, the end section MLX01 -1 was retired and replaced by the aerodynamically improved MLX01 -901. The discarded section could be seen as an information center during the Expo 2005 in Nagoya. Since 2000, the test track is also open to the public. For this purpose, an information center, a museum and a new platform was built. Originally also a ride was possible, the maximum operating speed was in this case limited to 501 km / h. The number of buyers exceeded the number of tickets by about 10 times. According to information provided by telephone in July 2010 at the Laboratory YAMANASHI - Mitfahrmöglichkeit was completed in 2007, during a tour of the test runs continue to remain possible. JR Central but planned in the same year, with the completion of the route extension the broken public demonstration tour on weekends and the holiday season in 2013 and beyond einfzuführen again.

Costs

The total cost for the Japanese maglev program amounts up to and including 2000 to € 4.5 billion. € 2.3 billion alone devoured the 18 km long track in Yamanashi.

Application route between Tokyo and Osaka

On 25 December 2007, a spokesman for the Japanese railway company JR Central to several newspapers announced that the company planning to build a 290 km long distance application. The previously existing 18 kilometer-long test track should then be part of the total distance. The cost is about 5 trillion yen and will be fully borne by the operators themselves. Commissioning for the public is planned for 2025/2026. The price of the JR Central shares fell sharply after then, but recovered.

At the end of fiscal year 2008/ 09 was a spokesman for the Japan Railway Co. announced that the company a total of 23 billion yen for the extension of double track test track on her from the beginning planned length of 43.8 km will provide in 2009. In this context, the procurement of trains of the series was announced L0, which is based in large part on the test train MLX01 - 901A.

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