Scottish Common Sense Realism

The Common- Sense philosophy is a philosophical direction which asks for philosophical knowledge of the role of common sense (a term with partial semantic correspondence to common sense and common sense in the German philosophy) and rated this relatively positive. A synonym is Scottish school. Specifically, it refers to the 18th and 19th century in Scotland the corresponding direction of the Common Sense philosophy. She stepped on the one hand, contrary to the French materialism and on the other hand the teachings of the skepticism of the Scottish philosopher David Hume ( 1711-1766 ). Hans -Georg Gadamer speaks of Scottish philosophy.

High phase: Thomas Reid

As a founding document of a systematic philosophy of Thomas Reid's common-sense can (1710-1796) study of the human mind are considered according to the principles of common sense ( 1764). This reconnaissance taught contrary to John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume that man perceives in an intuitive way, the reality itself. Reid held the assumption that people would immediately only knowledge of presentation content (ideas), incompatible with the common sense, and taught that you have to do it in the experience with "things" not just "ideas of things." The instructed by Reid direction followed a number of other Scottish philosophers. Even more clearly than in Reid comes to light, the subjective character of the Common -Sense at James Beattie ( 1735-1803 ). Beattie regarded as true, as we must believe, based on our nature. Dugald Stewart (1753-1828) warned to span the principle of common-sense. He suggested to talk instead of common-sense principles of fundamental laws of human faith and recognize as such only general conditions - eg with respect to the existence of material things. At William Hamilton (1788-1856), the Common Sense philosophy combined with transcendental arguments of Kant's critique of reason and was sharply criticized in this form of John Stuart Mill. Another representative of the Scottish school is Thomas Brown ( 1778-1820 ).

Reception in America

At American universities in the late 19th century moral philosophy Hutcheson and the Common Sense philosophy Reid played a dominant role.

During the Revolutionary War, Thomas Paine published his pamphlet Common Sense, in which he. Colonial policy of the English King George III sharp attack in North America. The writing was a large spread and was an important document of American independence movement.

Paine served with his writing both strands of the common-sense interpretation: By the enumeration of arguments for the independence he spoke to the common sense, as the sensus communis, in that the political goal of independence is also the common good.

20th-century philosophy

In the 20th century, the common-sense philosophy was George Edward Moore who continued explicitly to the Scottish tradition, a sequel.

The philosophy of Odo Marquard can be considered as common-sense philosophy.

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