Screwdriver

Screwdriver or screwdriver hot free hand-operated tools, consisting of handle and blade, which are provided to zoom in or unscrew (also tighten or loosen called ) screws in materials or block from rotating.

History and Description

As before, the term " drive" in use. This term had the pulling or tightening a wood screw in the wood to the origin. Middle of the 20th century was for the name " screwdriver " on. She could still not prevail in general usage, while defined in the crafts training on the supposedly more correct term great value. The German and Austrian standards (DIN, ÖNORM ) Use a screwdriver while the screwdriver is reported as the main concept in Austria in ÖWB. Meanwhile, a bit of trade offered under the name " screwdriver ".

Metal screws were used only with the industrial revolution to a greater extent. In the beginning, most artisans had little to do with it. Thus, the screws were taken largely with the hammer and then " tightened " with the screwdriver. Even in 1895 criticized a book: "The Hammer embarked screws act as nails, [ ... ] what a useless nonsense equals. " For nail screws, however this is not true, these are intended, enveloped and fixed and back out to be screwed.

Construction and application

Screwdriver with magnetic holder for bits

Screwdriver bit for brace

Drill screwdriver

A hand screwdriver is made of blade and handle.

The screwdriver is used since the end of the 17th century, although the iron screw with the invention of the machine tool gained in importance since the middle of the 19th century. Until then, the screws manufacturing was very cumbersome because the thread by hand had to be filed into.

The blade tip is shaped in accordance with, for example, for one of the different screw head entrainment profiles (drive):

  • Screwdriver for simple longitudinal or flat head screws (coding SL)
  • Phillips screwdriver for manufacturer-specific Phillips screws. The company Phillips Screw, not to be confused with the electronics group Philips, brought two different types on the market: Phillips (Mark PH)
  • Pozidriv ( Phillips with small teeth between the arms of the cross; Plate PZ)

There are different types of fastening of the blade and handle, running among other things, by the handle blades. In this you can beat with a hammer to loosen eg stuck screws. Insulated screwdrivers have a isolation to blade, so that the risk of electric shock is reduced. Specially designed for use in electrical installation there are screwdrivers that are explicitly approved for working on live parts. Some have a magnetic screwdriver blade, which prevents falling of the floating screw or a mechanical device for the same purpose.

Especially for electrically and pneumatically powered screwdriver (eg screwdriver ), use short, interchangeable screwdriver bits (bits ) that have the necessary shape and size for the corresponding screw.

Special forms of the screwdriver are sometimes combined with other functions; For example, there is a phase tester with screwdriver blade and screwdriver, with which one can also carve. There are also torque measuring screwdriver with replaceable blade, which are used in quality control and industrial production.

Standards (selection)

  • ISO 2380-1 screws and nuts - Screwdrivers for slotted screws - Part 1: Tips for hand - and machine-operated screwdriver
  • ISO 2380-2 screws and nuts - Screwdrivers for slotted screws - Part 2: General requirements, lengths of blades and marking of hand-operated screwdrivers
  • ISO 2936 Screwing, angle screwdriver for screws with hexagon socket
  • ISO 8764-1 screws and nuts - Screwdrivers for Phillips screws - Part 1: screwdriver tips.
  • ISO 8764-2 screws and nuts - Screwdrivers for Phillips screws - Part 2: General requirements, lengths of blades and marking of hand-operated screwdrivers
  • DIN 905 Screwdriver for square socket screws
  • DIN 5200 Cranked screwdriver for slotted screws, size
  • DIN 5208 Cranked screwdriver for screws with cross recess
  • DIN 5264 Screwdriver for slotted screws, screwdriver cutting
  • ÖNORM M 4930 Screwdriver for slotted screws

Similar tools

For nuts and bolts with square heads wrench can be used. Powered devices are the electric screwdriver ( drill or impact wrench ) and the pneumatic screwdrivers.

Handle (grip) Hex key
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