Seasonal industry
As seasonal work intensive work is referred to, accrued at a particular time of year, as the harvest in agricultural industries. In agriculture, as well as in tourism will result in temporary periods to work peaks and increased demand for labor. The economy calls for seasonal workers, the unions complain their pressure on wage levels.
As seasonal workers (including seasonal worker, seasonal workers or temporary employees ) refers to persons who are engaged only for a temporary period, the season employment. Globally, seasonal employment is currently performed in a large extent on foreign and domestic seasonal workers, migrant workers and migrant workers. They often carried out under poor labor conditions concerning remuneration or property, with temporary residence permits or even illegal as moonlighting.
In the countries of the European Union are seasonal workers and harvesters mostly immigrants from Eastern Europe and Africa, some from Asia or South America.
Germany
In the German Empire, there were forms of regular seasonal work. So wandered from the Sauerland region each year, many builders for several months into the Ruhr to work there and returned as regularly during the winter months back. With the introduction of cheaper workers tariffs by the railroad and the commuting increased considerably. Both forms of temporary migration made a permanent emigration unnecessary and made it possible in particular to the owners of small unprofitable farms to keep their property.
Seasonal workers from Eastern European countries to work in Germany according to the specifications of mediation agreements. In these, the temporary labor market access for the purposes of seasonal employment is granted. Since the mid- 1990s, featured Polish citizens well over 80 percent of all seasonal workers in Germany ( 228 807 (2006: 236 267 ) mediations Polish seasonal workers and fairground helpers of a total of 299 657 in 2007). About 90 percent of the seasonal workers were working in 2006 used in the field of agriculture and forestry to the seven per cent in the hotel and catering industry and about three percent as a showman agents. In the wake of EU enlargement and the accession of Romania and Bulgaria into the European Union increasingly come more seasonal workers from Romania to Germany (see free movement of workers ). By getting in Poland steadily improving living and working conditions, many Poles prefer to stay in their home country.
Austria
The Federal Minister of Economics and Labour shall determine the economic sectors and the quotas, in which foreign seasonal workers may be employed. For harvesters in agriculture, there is a separate quota. Since 1999, the Austrian Government, the number of seasonal workers increased from 12,000 to 30,000. The approval as a temporary / r employees / r via the issuance of a work permit from the Employment Service and the granting of a residence permit by the residence authorities. Temporary employees shall be allowed only a temporary stay, which ends with the dissolution of the temporary employment contract. Although temporary employment over several years - with the necessary interruptions - be exercised to acquire temporary employees no right to stay. The system of the permanent residence is not applicable to it, the entrainment and the reunification of family members is not permitted. Access to social rights is limited, there is, for example, not entitled to unemployment benefit or unemployment assistance. Many seasonal workers wait in hiding for their next Saisonniervertrag.
Switzerland
The Saisonnierstatut of 1934 was repealed in 1991 for people from outside the European Community ( EC). After the enactment of the Persons Agreement between Switzerland and the European Union on 1 June 2002, the Saisonnierstatut lost its validity also for EU citizens. After the revision of the ANG and the enactment of the " Federal Act on Foreign Nationals » 2005 the stay of foreigners in Switzerland has been redefined. The introduction of a new Saisonnierstatuts was rejected by Parliament in 2004.