Second-order cybernetics

Second-order cybernetics refers to a progressive intellectual movement in Cybernetics and Systems Research, which goes back to Heinz von Foerster. He leads from the generation of subjective realities in the nervous system from a theory that as the observation of observation ( second-order observation) the concept of an objective reality eliminated in its extreme form, and instead describes the "intrinsic value " of the cognitive system as a result of Rekursionsprozessen.

At the very least must be described and explained the observer of a system as well as the system itself.

Niklas Luhmann and John Cunningham Lilly have applied the principle of recursive observation of the observation in the field of sociological systems theory and communication theory in the field of social neuroscience communication patterns.