Second Orinoco crossing
8.275391 - 62.899609Koordinaten: 8 ° 16 ' 31.4 "N, 62 ° 53' 58.6 " W
F1
The Puente Orinoquia (also called Second Orinoco River Bridge ) is a road and railway bridge over the Orinoco River at Ciudad Guayana located in Bolivar State of Venezuela. She is the second bridge over the Orinoco by the Puente de Angostura in Ciudad Bolivar approximately 120 road kilometers upstream.
Location
The Puente Orinoquia is around 40 km above the city of Ciudad Guayana. The Orinoco is there two kilometers wide at low tide one kilometers and at high tide. Its water level fluctuates during the year to 12 meters. Under the two main spans of the bridge run the two navigation channels of the river. The bridge connects Ciudad Guayana, and thus a large part of the state of Bolivar in the south of the river with the states of Anzoategui and Monagas in the north of the river.
Description
The Puente Orinoquia consists of two lined-up, a total of 1,200 meters of cable-stayed bridges with spans of 300 m in the main ports, as well as the 636 meter-long northern approach viaduct and the 1320 m long southern approach viaduct. The bridge is thus a total of 3156 m long. The bridge has two lanes for motor traffic, which are separated by a single-track railway line in the middle. Wheel or sidewalks are not present. A railway track is so far ( 2012) been installed only on a short piece for demonstration purposes.
The bridge deck is 24.7 m wide. It is supported by a bridge over the entire continuous steel box girder with cantilevered truss. The steel structure is connected to a 25 cm thick concrete slab. The H- fömigen reinforced concrete pylons are 119.2 m high. They stand on a 6 m high cross bar, which in turn is founded on numerous large-diameter piles. The stems of the pylons underneath the bridge deck and in the anchorages of the fan-shaped cable stays by 5 m high reinforced transom. Under the middle field between the two bridges are vertical and slanted supports that stabilize the two bridges over the wandering expense of moving trucks and trains. For the same reason supports are placed under the external credit fields, carry both loads and absorb tensile forces. The bridge deck was mounted partly by pushing and partly in the cantilever.
History
The idea of a second Orinoco Bridge has been discussed since 1966. In 1997 the building was advertised (Build, Operate, Transfer ) under a BOT contract, but after Hugo Chávez had won the 1998 presidential election, the bidder withdrew. Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso offered Venezuela then to the financing of major projects. In a bilateral agreement was then agreed to finance the second Orinoco Bridge by Brazil's Program for Exports of Goods and services ( Proex ). The client, Venezuelana Corporación de Guayana (CVG ) commissioned the long been active in Venezuela Brazilian construction company Norberto Odebrecht Construtora as general contractor for the design and construction of the bridge. Leonhardt, Andra and Partners produced the draft on behalf of Odebrecht. Construction began in February 2001 on both banks of the Orinoco. At its peak, 3,600 people were employed on the project, which came to 97% of Venezuela. The opening ceremony took place in the presence of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva on November 13, 2006.
In 2012, the media criticized that the railroad had not been built over the bridge and the bridge itself show significant damage due to neglect.