Seerhein

The shipyard, is about four kilometers long, lying in Lake Constance basin river. He is the outflow of the upper lake and main tributary of about 30 cm deeper lower lake. He is counted to the main course of the Rhine, which flows as the Alpine Rhine in the Upper Lake and the Lower leaves as the Upper Rhine. The Seerhein is after the end of the last glacial period ( Würmkaltzeit, ended about 9650 BC) arose after the lake level had dropped by about ten meters and the lake in the valley, which flows through the shipyard, today was dry. He still retains many places on a lake-like character. Due to its mid- part, the Swiss- German border, the largest municipality runs on its banks is constant.

Location

Generally

The Seerhein extends over a length of 4.3 km from the Old Constance Rhine bridge in the east to the island Triboldingerbohl in the West. Narrow side mouth arms extend between this island, the island of mediator or Langbohl and the Wollmatinger Ried.

The shipyard, is between 100 and 500 feet wide and 7-25 feet deep. About halfway he has a small, unspecified lake-like widening and shoal. The shipyard, has some small streams than inflows, the two leading- left of the village stream waters ( God loves ) and Grenzbach (western city limits of Konstanz).

The majority of the river, including the entire north shore and the eastern part of the south shore, is situated on German territory. The western two-kilometer runs in the middle of the river, the border between Germany and Switzerland. With their district launched on the Swiss side the communities Taegerwilen and God loves the Seerhein to, on the German side the communities Constance and Reichenau. In the lowlands traversed by the shipyard, also is the Swiss town of Kreuzlingen, which forms an agglomeration of about 100,000 inhabitants with Constance. On the south bank are the old town of Constance and the center of the former village of Constance paradise; between the two extends densely populated residential area of the 19th and 20th centuries. There follow the on Swiss territory (municipality Taegerwilen ) lying Tägermoos, is involved in the management of Constance, and God loves. On the north bank of the Seerhein are the Constance Districts Peterhausen and Stromeyersdorf. The corridor " section keeps " towards God loves belongs to the municipality of Reichenau.

Constance in the urban area the bank is secured and is partly used as a boat dock. The Konstanz North Shore experienced in recent years a construction boom. Industrial areas were demolished and replaced by housing estates, made ​​the shore continuously available and designed like a park. Also on the north shore lies the urban Rheinstrandbad. Outside the city, the shore is unpaved and has two swimming pools, the Constance cow horn in Tägermoos and the Tägerwil bathroom. Overgrown marshy - swampy and covered in reeds are the Western North Shore ( Wollmatinger Ried) and the Swiss shore west of loving God ( Riet ). Due to their size and privacy of these marshlands are of great importance.

Of architectural sights on Seerhein are mainly the remains of the city walls of Constance ( Rheintorturm and Powder Tower ), the former monastery Peterhausen that God loves Castle and the former factories in Stromeyersdorf.

Constance lowland / valley

The Seerhein flows through a valley-like depression, for which the names of Constance and Lake Valley lowlands exist. This valley is bounded on the south by Lake Ridge and in the north by the hills of the Bodanrück.

The term was used by Constance lowland Benzing in the context of its contribution to the natural spatial structure of Germany, who threw out the " Constance lowland " as natural spatial subset.

The valley is called on the Swiss side " valley ". The name is reflected in names such as School Center valley, valley pumping station or Seetalstrasse down (all Kreuzlingen ). In a non- purely natural spatial geographic structure of Switzerland Schilter ordered to the Valley of up novel horn extending shore landscape.

Traffic

The shipyard, is navigable and is used mainly by the riverboats of the Swiss shipping company submarine and Rhine, sport boats and rowers.

About the Seerhein lead a total of three bridges, they are all on the upper part of the river. On the east is the area of ​​a bottleneck at the terminal moraine (see below) the ( old ) bridge over the Rhine, which is the border between Upper Lake and Seerhein, and their precursors probably date back to ancient times. A little west of it leads since 1991 the Seerheinbrücke, a pedestrian and cycle bridge over the river. On the western edge of the four-lane Konstanz, planned as motorway bridge Schänzlebrücke crossing (also called " new Rhine bridge " ) the Seerhein. It is part of the German Federal Highway 33, which goes to the state border in the Swiss highway 7.

Previously addition, there were several passenger ferries, so east of the present cycle bridge and between Paradise and Stromeyersdorf. At the Old Rhine Bridge in Konstanz introduced in the context of the emerging industrial shipping in the 19th century Rheinkilometrierung begins with the Rhine kilometer zero.

Paleogeographic development

The entire landscape of the Seerhein and its environment is within the Molasse Basin, which was formed by the Upper Miocene, for about 30 million years ago. In the following years up to 7 million today - in contrast to the time of Molasseaufschüttung - sedimentation exceeded by erosion. During this time, today's landscape was formed. The Pliocene and Pleistocene erosion was first carried out by the Aare- Danube, later mainly by the High Rhine. By rivers and glaciers originated furrows and basins.

The paleogeographic evolution of the Seerhein is closely linked with that of it flows through lowlands. This is predetermined by the previous the Upper Rhine and the Rhine glacier and filled by various lake sediment. The entire Lake Basin is characterized by the alternation of wide basin, narrow cross valleys and mountain landscapes. The surrounding Seerhein the lowlands is mostly silt level and one of the basins, the neighbors Bodanrück and lake ridge are ( glacially -formed ) molasses highlands. A decisive knockout of today Seerhein and landscape of Lake Constance was held with the deflection of the Alpine Rhine from the Danube to the Aare before Günz cold period. On the Bodensee- line Seerhein High Rhine was enhanced vertical erosion, while the advances of the Rhine glacier today's Lake basin was prepared.

The withdrawal of the last Rhine glacier ( Würmkaltzeit ) was carried out in various consumable and stationary phases, which are divided into nine stages. With the halt of the ice at Constance the last stage begins 9 ( Constance stage). The ice margin of the eastern glacier retreated from the Lake Überlingen on the eastern tip of the Bodanrück by Constance and Kreuzlingen on the northern edge of Lake Ridge. In the area of today's Seerheinbeckens and west of a Ice Lake was formed at the beginning of the Constance stage, took place in the extensive silty - calcareous, glazilimnische deposits ( " Beckentone "). These range today in some places at the edge of the valley up to the surface. Along the ice edge was constructed, presumably after the disappearance of Eisstausees, a terminal moraine, which won some importance for the later development course (see below). The meltwater flows first from the Überlingen Lake Basin by the remotely located Stahringer valley, only later by the Allmann villages meltwater channel in the area of ​​today's Seerheinniederung. The following melting Constance hopper and upper lake was free of ice.

After the end of the Würm glacial period (about 9650 BC) of Lake Constance level was about 405 m is about 10 meters above the present level; then carried through the deep erosion of the Rhine, the lowering of the lake to its current level ( about 395 m). Upper Lake and Lower were therefore not separated at the beginning of the Holocene, the Seerhein not yet emerged. By lowering the part of the lake between Upper Lake and Lower became dry, the shipyard, was created as a connection between the two lakes. The course of the Seerhein possibly corresponds to the flow of the Alpine Rhine through the silted part of the lake. The former Seestand is indicated by the area of ​​the lake deposits ( marl, Schnecklisande, Elm, onkolithischer Krümelkalk ), this area is true in about the same as the present-day valley floor of the Lake Valley. The lake sediments usually have a thickness of 0.2 to 2 meters, the shipyard, up to 13 meters. In the western part of today's depression caused by the surf of the lake perpendicular to the main wind direction (southwest) numerous beach ridges, which are still well preserved, especially in the Wollmatinger Ried. In addition to the described main elements ( Würm terminal moraine, Ice Lake sediments, Lake deposits including beach ridges ) can be found in Seerheinbecken Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial clay talus - alluvial fans (both only at lake ridge ).

History

The located in the lowlands of Constance Endmoränenstücke formed along the ice margin of the Constance stage (see above). In the old town of Constance is a surrounded by Lake moraine deposits. The in Kreuzlingen exploiting dividend piece, however, is mostly surrounded by Pleistocene talus. The seen from these Moränenstücken from the northeast and southeast, Endmoränenzüge of Constance stage are already in the range of Bodanrück and Lake Ridge. The missing Endmoränenstücke were probably victims of erosion by meltwater and seawater movements or have never existed due to the water movement.

In contrast to the other, originally rather wet to swampy basin floor lying in the valley moraines were more suitable for colonization. The Konstanz Endmoränenstück is in addition to numerous prehistoric and early historic settlements also place the former Roman settlement of Constance. Large parts of today's old town of Constance are on the terminal moraine; the north-south extension of the old town is due to the course of the Moränenzugs. The southernmost old town of Constance area, Stadelhofen, in contrast, is already on a former lake bed. The Kreuzlinger part extends approximately from the border along the Kreuzlinger main road, approximately to the junction of Remisbergstrasse. Age as well as new site of the monastery of Kreuzlingen in the range of Kreuzlinger terminal moraine.

The Seerhein is an easy to crossing point in the context of Upper Lake (Bodensee) and submarine and appears as a highly suitable location for a ferry or bridge connection, a seaport and a city's founding. The cheapest place to overcome the Seerhein was possibly going back to the terminal moraine bottleneck at the beginning of Seerhein. Celtic, Roman and Alemannic settlers, the diocese of Constance and the free imperial city of Constance tried to exploit this strategic position.

The Seerhein marked in ancient times over long periods the northern boundary of the Roman Empire. In the early Middle Ages, he set the boundary between the legal and noble floor Thurgau and Hegau as well as the northern boundary of the city of Konstanz dar. on the north shore suburban Peterhausen founded in 983 as a monastery, later turned my finished as a settlement after Constance was. As a founding place of the monastery Peterhausen the northern Seerheinufer was chosen, similar to the location of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome to non- urban riverside: the Seerhein served as the equivalent of the Tiber.

The city bank was fortified in the Middle Ages by a partially located in the underwater city wall with several towers fortified and connected by a partially -built stone bridge to the north shore. On the bridge there was a driven from Seerhein urban grain mill. The long unpaved Peter Hauser bank was used in the 19th century for industrial settlements.

Water wonders of Konstanz

On February 23, 1549 is said to have " water miracle of constancy " occurred: The shipyard, rose and fell over several hours at intervals of about a quarter of an hour by a cubit, which is more than half a meter. In submarine fishing thought to be observed that the water of the Rhine flowed backwards. The Constance chronicler Christoph Schulthaiß reported on this event:

Today, this event can be explained scientifically: Certain wind conditions stimulated the natural vibration of the upper and lower lake at. A seiche, that is, standing wave arose, in which the entire lake acted as a resonator body. On Seerhein, to a certain extent a cross-section through the middle of the lake, this effect was particularly visible.

Swell

• Benzing, Alfred ( 1964): The physiographic units on sheet 186 Constance, Bad Godesberg, 1964 ( Nature regions of Germany, Geographical Landesaufnahme 1:200,000 )
• Schilter, René Ch (1977 ): Attempt of a landscape structure and typology of Switzerland, Zurich 1977
• Carpenter, Albert ( 1992), Notes on leaf Hegau and western Lake Constance, third edition, Freiburg / Stuttgart 1992 ( Geological Map 1:50,000 of Baden- Württemberg)

Comments

47.679.17Koordinaten: 47 ° 40 ' 12 " N, 9 ° 10' 12" E; CH1903: 730028/281364

• Rhine river system
• River in Europe
• River in Baden- Württemberg
• River in the canton of Thurgau
• Lake Constance region
• High Rhine
• Geography (Konstanz)
• Waters in the district of Konstanz