Self-control

The term self-regulation refers to the influence of higher processes on the self, or even each other controlling mechanisms within biological or social networks (see self-organization ).

" Self-control " even in criticism that extent is the term advised as it is a "self" or an "individual" perhaps " does not exist ", so that even an intra-individual self-control (eg by criminals: see also free will, self-knowledge ) ultimately only on a mutual ( reciprocal ) inter-individual control by several mutually inhibitory (or growth-limiting ) subunits as body cells, nerve cells, animal species ( see, eg, predator- prey model ), parties etc. based, which very often turn are composed of smaller mutually controlling subunits ( see also Darwinism, neural Darwinism ( Gerald M. Edelman ), individual atomism ).

Volitionspsychologie

Volition called in psychology the process of formation, maintenance and realization of intentions.

In the PSI theory Julius Kuhl's called " self-control " the deliberate suppression of self-representations, which enables the execution of motivational unsupported actions. Self-regulation is self-regulation in addition to one of two volitional control documents. In the self-regulatory control layer which personal goals are flexibly adapted to the self-representations.

Social Psychology

The social psychology deals inter alia with the perceived self-control. " To what extent can we determine our own behavior, or how we feel, to control our behavior? " We distinguish two sub- areas:

Self-efficacy

The self-efficacy ( engl. but self-efficacy -belief also engl Perceived self-efficacy, often wrongly: .. Engl self-efficacy or German self-efficacy ) refers to the conviction that they can run through their own abilities actions that lead to the desired goals.

Studies show that people with a strong belief in their own competence and efficiency greater endurance tasks at a lower susceptibility to anxiety disorders and depression and more success in professional life have ( Bandura et al. ). In addition, the extent of self-efficacy is a good predictor of job performance. Self-efficacy and the results of action seem often circular: a high self-efficacy leads to high standards for our own person, which is why you are looking for more challenging, difficult challenges. A good performance of these challenges leads then again to confirm or increasing one's self-efficacy.

Locus of control

See main article: Locus of Control

The extent to which people perceive events as external controls, ie by external situational factors rather than internal controls, ie by their own skills and characteristics, or, marks the locus of control.

People with a more internal locus locus of control have on average a higher income, greater self-control and a higher educational attainment than people with an external locus of control locus.

A higher internaler locus of control demonstrably leads to an increased motivation in learning. The transfer of what is learned is influenced positively by externalem locus of control. (see meta-analysis by Colquitt, Lepine & Noe, 2000)

Other meanings

  • The Swiss railways to talk on trains, in which the tickets are only on a test basis, of " self-control ".
  • In the pedagogy self-control means that students check their results as well as the individual steps of their thought processes on the accuracy of self and thereby towards the teacher become more independent. The teacher's task is to bring the students in a sometimes lengthy process to the reliable assessment of their own (partial) work results; well he must exhort and support those students who are negligent in controlling their work. Of special importance is the self-control during free work with didactic materials. Be distinguished from self-control by the student 's performance review for the grading, which remains a matter for the teacher.
  • Self -regulation in science

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