Sentence (linguistics)#By purpose

The declarative (Latin declaratio, announcement ',' Revelation ', also: declarative sentence, declaratory sentence, declarative sentence, narrative sentence, Konstativsatz ) is next set of questions and request set one of the three basic sentence types.

The declarative sentence in English

Declarative sentences are record types which establish a claim, so make a statement that could be true or false; this can be explicitly signaled shall be as the opinion by the additional use of expressions, claim notice saying that ...

She closed the door quickly. Paul has not had lunch yesterday. Linguistic viewing

Outdated definition

Ross developed the concept in 1968 for transformational grammar. The declarative sentence is thus a proposition which ( in the deep structure ) of verbs of saying ( verbum dicendi ) or perception verbs ( verb sentiendi ) depends. So verbs such as be of the opinion, claim, notice, say so.

I am of the opinion that something must be done. redefinition

In the following years, however, problems arose with the definition of Ross.

An unmarked expression could be derived by means of performative analysis of the deep structure of an imaginary declarative.

Prices are falling. < I'm telling you ( herewith ), ( that ) the prices fall. Difficulties arose in the derivation of sentences like

To have children is social. < I contend that having children is social. Chomsky's minimalism is radical. < I argue that Chomsky's minimalism is radical. Among other Grewendorf and Fries this derivation reported from as inadequate.

Meanwhile, an agreement appears to have regard to the redefinition, which is tantamount to define the set mode declarative than one record type,

  • Their word order with the normal word order of the language is identical to ( unchecked)
  • And a determination expressed. ( The statement is thus an assertive. )

The German language marks the declarative in the main clause by a combination of verb-second position (in some cases but also Verberststellung ), topicalization and verb form (ie, mode). Other languages ​​signal declarative intonation by means of rising and falling Tonverlauf. Other ( eg Welsh ) complement explicit ( declarative ) function words, which are permitted in the sentence construction only in the main clause, but not in dependent or embedded clauses.

German: He comes, yes. - Vs. - I know that he comes. literature

  • Hans Altmann (eds.): Intonation research. Niemeyer, Tübingen, 1988, ISBN 3-484-30200-3 ( Linguistic Work 200).
  • Margareta Brandt, Marga Reis, Inger Rosengren, Ilse Zimmermann: record type, record mode and illocution. In: Inger Rosengren (ed.): set and illocution. Volume 1 Niemeyer, Tübingen 1992, ISBN 3-484-30278- X, pp. 1-90 ( Linguistic Work 278).
  • Norbert Fries: Syntactic and semantic studies on freely used infinitive and related phenomena in German. Narr, Tübingen 1983, ISBN 3-87808-821-3 ( studies on German grammar 21) ( At the same time: Cologne, Univ, Diss, 1983. ).
  • Günther Grewendorf: language without context. For a critique of the performative analysis. In: Dieter Wunderlich (ed.): Linguistic Pragmatics. Athenaeum, Frankfurt am Main 1972, ISBN 3-7610-4712-6, pp. 144-182 (emphasis Linguistics and Communication Science 12 ).
  • Jörg Meibauer (ed.): set mode between grammar and pragmatics. Papers on the occasion of the 8th Annual Meeting of the German Society of Linguistics, Heidelberg 1986. Niemeyer, Tübingen, 1987, ISBN 3-484-30180-5 ( Linguistic work 180).
  • Olaf Önnerfors: verb - initial declarative sentences. Grammar and pragmatics. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm 1997, ISBN 91-22-01741-0 ( Lunder Germanistic research 60) ( At the same time: Lund Univ, Diss, 1997. ).
  • Wilhelm Oppenrieder: Of subjects, sentences and subject records. Studies on the Syntax of German. Niemeyer, Tübingen, 1991, ISBN 3-484-30241-0 ( Linguistic Work 241) ( At the same time: Munich, Univ, Diss, 1987/88. ).
  • John Robert Ross: On Declarative Sentences. In Roderick A. Jacobs, Peter S. Rosenbaum ( ed.): Readings in English Transformational Grammar. Ginn and Co., Waltham MA, inter alia, 1970, p 222-272.
Propositional formula Speech act V2 word order John R. Ross
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