Separator (milk)
A separator (also called Purifikator and clarifier, from Latin: divide separare = secreting ) separates different phases of different densities from each other.
Principle of operation
Separators operate on the principle of separation by centrifugal forces. Compared to a settling tank which acts simply downward acceleration due to gravity is supplemented or replaced several thousand times, centrifugal acceleration by a dergegenüber larger, while the centrifuge. Is a prerequisite for a good separation of a mixture that the individual phases of the mixture have different densities. Furthermore, the solids should have a large difference in density of the liquid or gaseous phases.
Looking at the outlets of the liquid phase is referred to as a continuous process, since they are continuously discharged from the separator bowl. In solids, a distinction between manual removal of the solids, automatic, intermittent solids discharge and continuous discharge of solids. In all three Feststoffaustragsvarianten 2 or 3 phase separations can be made. Because the highest density of the solids accumulate these in a centrifugal field as the outermost ring directly to the drum inner wall.
The solids collected separators, the separators must be stopped and opened at certain time intervals, so that the solids can be removed manually. When separators discontinuous automatic solids, the solids are also collected on the drum inner wall. In the set time intervals, the drum via a water hydraulic system is short, at full speed, open ( Lower picture, medium separator, dark gray floor shifter slides down). The solids are discharged by means of the existing kinetic energy and the drum is closed.
For separators with continuous solids are also referred to nozzle separators, which are available in different versions for different tasks. Both the continuous as well as the discontinuous -discharging separators will always be a part of liquid drained ( rinsing ). The liquid phase (s) is (are) removed from the separator, either without pressure or under pressure. One speaks here of peeling discs ( gripper), which function as a stationary pump, while the liquid is rotating.
One speaks in the separation of three different separation tasks:
- In the clarification / Klarifikation a solid phase is separated from a liquid phase.
- In the separation of two fluids (and possibly a solid phase), it is discriminated whether the heavy phase and the light liquid phase prevails.
- In a purification heavy liquid phase is separated from a lighter liquid, such as fuel processor.
- Outweighs the other hand, the heavy liquid phase is separated from the liquid phase, a little
To be, we speak of a concentration
Types
Hydrocyclones
Separators:
- Nozzle separators
- Preßschneckenseparatoren
- Chamber separators
- Disc
- Vollmanteltellerseparatoren
Decanter:
- Two -phase decanters
- Three -phase decanters
Centrifuges:
- Three pillars centrifuges
- Einpufferzentrifugen
- Gleitschwingzentrifugen
- Vibrating centrifuge ( swash centrifuges)
- Solid bowl scraper centrifuges
- Solid bowl screw centrifuge
- Centrifuge tube
- Basket- Peeler Centrifuges
- Pusher Centrifuges
- Screen centrifuges
- Swarf centrifuge
- Inverting Filter Centrifuges
- Centrifuges
Application
Application in the chemical and biotechnology industries
Separators are used for the clarification of liquids, or for separating liquids of different densities. They replaced while the centrifuge as soon as the volume flows to be cleaned are too large for economic batch process. Typical applications in biotechnology is the purification of cell culture supernatants or fermentation broths, as well as the separation of aqueous two-phase systems.
Application to the internal combustion engine and the lubricating oil circuit
The operation of a separator enables continuous operation of the lubricating oil ( Lub Oil ) from the service of a ship to scrapping. An oil change, as with other vehicles would be a very costly affair for marine engines, and its lubrication board machine due to the required large volume of oil. Long-term use of the lubricating oil is, however, possible only by the uniform consumption and uniform additive. The lubricating oil does not age so and is in good working Separator always in the best condition with constant viscosity.
HFO ( Heavy Fuel Oil) and diesel oils of very inferior quality contain interfering admixtures and must also be constantly cleaned. The principle can be successfully applied in the case of emulsified mineral oils only under certain conditions. Due to the price advantages over other fuels heavy oil is the main fuel in the civilian merchant marine. Military Marines use higher-quality fuels ( diesel), or nuclear energy.
For both of the aforementioned oils two different reels to up to certain Separatorengenerationen are used, which differ in wear protection by special wear plates in the drum, so-called LO and HFO- drums. Newer generations need this drum wear protection no longer, because they have a faster emptying intervals.
In the separation of heavy oil in the ship operating a Purifikator are preferred ( for water separation ) and a clarifier ( for solids separation ), which are connected in series, are used.
Other applications
A decanter in the industrial sense ( to be confused with the manual decanting, in particular wine not ) is another type of centrifuge. Here, the solid constituents of the substances to be separated with a slower or faster moving screw conveyor are continuously removed from the centrifuge drum.
The decanter ( decanter centrifuge ) usually comes at a higher solids content (from about 3 % in the feed) to use. In the decanter centrifuge, a solid / liquid separation takes place. Solids and liquid are continuously discharged. A more sophisticated design, the three -phase decanter. Here solids and two different, non- intermeshing releasable fluids are separated. There is also the possibility to separate the two different heavy solids from a liquid ( eg for plastic recycling). Areas of decanter centrifuges are eg sewage sludge treatment, pharmaceutical areas, paint sludge treatment. In recent years, the decanter in the field of sewage sludge dewatering has other dewatering methods such as filter presses and screen changers displaced strong and contributes a lot in order to reduce the so-called sludge tourism.
In the course of technical development will be provided to both the decanter itself as well as to the individual components steadily growing requirements in terms of the type of material, precision and performance. Therefore, certain core components such as conical or cylindrical drum shells, snails body, seal cover, tubes, cans or rings are manufactured by centrifugal casting, because the materials used in this case ( duplex steels, austenitic steels, nickel -based alloys ) offer optimum strength and a very high corrosion resistance.