Serbian Despotate

In the Byzantine world despot or Despotes was (Greek δεσπότης, despotes - ruler ) of the title of a ruler on a smaller, at least nominally dependent on the imperial country; also sons of the emperor were partially so titled. In the Byzantine liturgy, the priest is addressed as a despot by the deacon today. These titles are neutral to be understood in the sense of " ruler ", without the now common negative meaning " tyrant " despot. In the hierarchy came despot to the highest ruler title Emperor and Emperor, Byzantium in the actual Emperor titles, stood before the Sebastocrator and " Kaisar " ( Caesar ). In Serbia despot was more than a century of Supreme Ruler title.

In Serbia, the title of despot was first awarded under the Tsar Stefan Dušan based on Byzantium. Known despots of that time were Jovan Oliver, a military leader Stefan Dusan, and Jovan Uglješa, the brother of King Vukašins. But these despots were not regarded as the highest rulers of Serbia. The first Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević was in the true sense. 1402, after the Battle of Ankara and the defeat of the Ottomans under Sultan Beyazit I. against the Mongols of Tamerlane, at the Stefan Lazarević had to participate as an Ottoman vassal, he stopped in Constantinople Opel, where he was the Byzantine Emperor John VII bestowed the title despot. That was, at least in the Byzantine world appreciation of the Serbian state, as Byzantium until then the Serbian princes and kings only recognized as Sebastokratoren and Caesars, while it looked a Stefan Dušan as usurpers.

Serbian despots

  • Stefan Lazarević, 1389-1427
  • Đurađ Brankovic, 1427-1456
  • Lazar Brankovic, 1456-1458
  • Stefan Brankovic, 1458-1459

In the same year, when Stefan Brankovic was overthrown, and the last remnants of the medieval Serbia were conquered by the Ottomans. The Ottomans claimed to have occupied Serbia to peace and order should stop off in the country, then they would leave Serbia. De jure, there was never an official annexation of Serbia. Christian Europe stressed that, especially Hungary insisted on the existence of the Kingdom of Serbia ( Raszien ), which would be occupied by the Ottomans. This was also reflected in the official designation as an Austrian province of Serbia in the short period from 1718 to 1739: " military command of the Kingdom of Serbia ". As a result of these considerations and by the desire to better protect their own border against Ottoman attacks, the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus renewed the Serbian Despotate. Serbian despots were given fiefs in Hungary, mainly in Srem, were vassals or subjects of Hungarian kings " occupied " as the official ruler of Serbia dubs and had to attend the Hungarian side in wars and battles. While many of these despots were planning a liberation of Serbia, but to no avail. They were also the highest representatives of the Serbs living in Hungary. The first Serbian Despot Vuk Grgurević in Hungary.

Serbian despots in Vojvodina

  • Vuk Grgurević, 1471-1485
  • Đurađ Brankovic, 1486-1496
  • Jovan Brankovic, 1496-1502
  • Ivaniš Berislavic, 1504-1514
  • Stefan Berislavic, 1520-1526
  • Radič Bozic, 1527-1528
  • Pavle Bakić, 1528 (?) -1537
  • Stefan Štiljanović, 1537-1540

The largest part of Hungary came under Ottoman rule, the not yet conquered parts either came under Habsburg rule or were separated from Hungary and were provided as the Principality of Transylvania, under Ottoman suzerainty. The conquest of Hungary also meant the end for the Serbian despot. But with them was ultimately laid the foundation for a future political entity, the Vojvodina.

Despotism Caesar (title) John VII Palaiologos Sanjak of Novi Pazar Commoner
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