Severinus of Noricum
Severin of Noricum ( Severinus; * to 410; † January 8 482 in Favianis, probably today Mautern bei Krems ) was a late ancient saint, missionary and monastic founder in Noricum. About his life Eugippius reported in a " commemorative magazine" ( Comme moratorium ), which is known under the title Vita Sancti Severini ( " The life of Saint Severin ").
Life
Today's knowledge about life Severin and on the social and religious conditions in its sphere of activity comes from the biography of the saint, the Eugippius, the abbot of his monasteries, wrote in the year 511. These saints biography - again it comes to miracles such as prophecy, healings or an oil reproduction - is the only narrative source from the time of the setting of Roman rule in Bavaria and later Austria. It offers valuable socio-historical information, but their credibility in the research assessed partly skeptical. The information on the withdrawal of the Romans from the Noricum likely to be exaggerated; you will no longer assume that - as was previously thought due to the representation of Eugippius - came to a total withdrawal of the provincial population.
Little is known about Severin's lineage. How Eugippius reported proved him his language as a " wholly Latin people." From this and other evidence, it can be concluded that Severin was from Italy and his family make a formed layer belonged. Perhaps he was of senatorial origin. Since he refused information about his descent from modesty, it can be assumed that he came from the political leadership. His training as a monk he received in the east of the empire in the living in the desert hermits. After the death of Attila the Hun in 453 he came from Pannonia Ufernoricum, the former Roman province north of the Eastern Alps, which was threatened at that time already by the collapse of the Western Roman Empire as a result of the great migration. Severin held mainly on the Danube country between Carnuntum in the Vienna Basin and the area of Passau.
The historian Friedrich Lotter has featured in numerous articles and in his Severin dedicated habilitation thesis in 1976 the hypothesis of the holy Severin was identical with a inlustrissimus vir Severinus, mentioned the Ennodius in his biography of the monk Antony of Lérins as his Father. The Holy be equated with the 461 appointed by the Emperor Majorian consul Flavius Severinus. He was 454-461 been involved as provincial governor in the Danube region and have even later, when he was a monk, traded in semi-official function as a minister of the empire in the management of Ufernoricum. This sometimes very speculative assumptions have not enforced in research; at the very distinguished lineage Severin is not doubted, but the identification of the saints with the consul of 461 is now generally rejected.
First Severin came apparently in the region of Lower Austria in appearance, in Asturis ( Klosterneuburg ), Comagena ( Tulln ), and Favianis ( Mautern ), where the Rugierkönig resided Flaccitheus, the Severin allegedly asked for advice. His biography is then of Cucullis ( Kuchl at Salzburg) and Iuvavum ( Juvao, Salzburg). Another section describes his work on the Danube near Passau. There is about the forts and settlements Quintanis ( Künzing, above the Vils), Batavis ( Passau left of the Inn, once belonged to the neighboring province of Raetia secunda ), Boiotro ( Bojotro, Passau right of the Inn, a frontier fort Noricum ) and Joviaco ( Schloegen / Haibach, some kilometers downstream in Ufernoricum ). He supported and initially encouraged therefore the Roman population in the face of constant Germanic raids, but then pursued her retreat to Lauriacum ( Lorch ) on the Enns River, soon because of continuing threats further back into the Lower Austrian neighborhood of his former effect local Favianis, this pressure from the Rugierkönigs Feletheus. Here Severin apparently spent the rest of his life in the area and founder of the monastery.
Severin has held no office himself, but seems to have lived on even after the establishment of the Convention as an anchorite. He worked as a warner, helpers and pastors, campaigned for the maintenance of public order and organized food and clothing supplies. In the years 469/470 he received from the Alemannic king Gibuld, whom he met in the territory of Passau, the release of Roman prisoner of war. His decisive occurrence in dealing with rulers testifies to his extraordinary personal authority.
Severin died in 482 Favianis. Eugippius called January 8 as death. His own death as well as the depopulation of Ufernoricum by subtracting the population is said to have predicted. The convent was founded by him then joined a train over the Alps to the Hunwulf 488 conducted on behalf of his brother Odoacer, and settled with the bones Severin over to Italy. To this end, the bones of the Severin were recovered. Eugippius writes, the corpse was received uncorrupted and perfect six years after his first funeral and I smelled, although he was not embalmed.
New Community site was Castellum Lucullanum near Naples. The Convention appears to have been done at this time of Lucillus the later Marcianus followed. The bones of the Severin appear to have been stored up by the Convention establishing in Naples. After Eugippius you had to find a place for the burial. Ground and tomb were eventually donated by a lady ( illustris femina ) called Barbaria. The hypothesis that there had been at Barbaria to the widow of Orestes and the mother of Romulus Augustulus, is speculative. The translation of Naples found by Lucullanum how Eugippius reported with the permission of Pope Gelasius I. instead. The funeral was completed by Bishop Victor I of Naples (ca. 492-496 ). Since 1807, Severin's bones lie in the parish of Frattamaggiore in Campania.
Remembrance and worship
- Evangelical: January 8, ( Memorial Day in the name Evangelical Calendar )
- Catholic: January 8, ( Not optional memorial in the regional calendar for the German -speaking area )
- This does not apply: He is the diocesan patron of Linz. In the diocese of Passau it is thought with a catered Remembrance Day.
- Severin is the patron saint of Bavaria, the prisoners, winemaker and weavers as well as for fertility of the vines. His help is requested in famine.
- It is particularly celebrated His feast day in the district Heiligenstadt in Vienna's Dobling.
- In 1862 (9th district) was named the Severingasse after him in Vienna Alsergrund.
Representation
The saint is shown preaching or praying at a tomb. Attributes are book and / or Abtstab, in his right hand a crucifix.
Swell
- Eugippius: Vita Sancti Severini. Latin / German. Translated and edited by Theodore Nüsslein. Reclam, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-15-008285-4.