Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi

Grand Ayatollah Hussein Ali Ahmadi Tabatabai Boroujerdi, also Hossein Ali Ahmadi Tabatabai Boroujerdi (Persian آیتالله العظمی حسین طباطبایی بروجردی; * 1875 in Borudscherd, Lorestan, Iran, † March 30, 1961 in Qom ) was the last recognized by all Shia cleric Marja- e taqlid.

Life

1875 Husayn Boroujerdi was born in Borudscherd where the name Boroujerdi stirred. He studied Islamic jurisprudence ( fiqh ), and developed by his own interpretations and jurisdictions a great impact, but also coined many other clergy of his time, for example, Morteza Motahhari. Be outstanding applies his hadith criticism on a scientific basis. Starting from the study of small periods he traces the chain of narration, and describes the authenticity of many hadiths in question.

Effect

The position of Marja was vacant after the death of Grand Ayatollah Hossein Haeri Yazdi 1941. Many religious scholars Boroujerdi wanted as his successor. 1944, when Boroujerdi went for medical treatment to Tehran, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Boroujerdi personally visited the hospital, a rare gesture of the monarch. The visit was considered as agreement of the monarch to his appointment as Marja.

1949, after the assassination of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and after Boroujerdi as absolute instance (or: source of emulation ) had been recognized by all the Shia Grand Ayatollah, he convened more than 2,000 religious scholars at a congress in Qom to where the quietist tradition the Shiite clergy to call for and renew. As long Boroujerdi lived, he supported the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi multiple public. So he finished after the attempt on the Shah in February 1949 his speech in favor of the Shah with the words: " May God protect your kingdom ."

Under his leadership, the students were stopped in the seminaries of Qom, is not actively engage in political activity. He has Seyyed Mojtaba Mirlohi, better known under the name of Navab Safavi and Seyyed Abdol - Hussein Vahedi, the founder of the Fedayeen -e Islam, from the seminary in Qom because of their involvement in murders ( assassination of Ahmad Kasravi, assassination of Abdolhossein Hazhir, Haj Ali Razmara assassinate ) forcibly expelled. Boroujerdi also put Khomeini, who was a minor cleric at this time, under pressure because Boroujerdi Khomeini believed to be the spiritual mentor of the Fedayeen -e Islam. For the same reason, the relationship between the Grand Ayatollah Boroujerdi and Ayatollah Abol - Ghasem Kashani was clouded. Despite the strained personal relationships, Boroujerdi sat for lifting the banishment of Kashani in 1950, his return to Iran and the release of Kashani in 1956 after the overthrow of Mossadegh in.

Borudscheri saw the monarchy as an antithesis to secular republic and communist atheism. After he had support on the issue of nationalization of the oil industry and its political consequences of Prime Minister Mossadegh first, he moved over time increasingly on Mossadegh. He threatened Mossadegh even so to emigrate to Najaf, which would have meant the political end of his reign. Boroujerdi, who worked closely in this time with the President of Parliament Ayatollah Kashani, supported at the end even the replacement of Mossadegh. Already on June 13, 1953, the feast of breaking the fast, Kashani brought more protesters against Mossadegh on the road than the followers of Mossadegh in a counter-demonstration a week later. Boroujerdi is therefore considered according to recent research as a decisive factor in the overthrow of Mossadegh on August 19, 1953 because it was the clergy who had organized the massive pro -Shah demonstrations on this day, which ultimately Mossadegh to give up his office in favor Fazlollah Zahedi forced.

It is therefore not surprising that Boroujerdi against the persecution and the prohibition of the Tudeh Party and the burgeoning persecution of the Baha'is, each of the years 1954-1955, was not. In a fatwa (1955 ) he explained Pepsi -Cola reprehensible because the Iranian concessionaire was an avowed Bahai.

His quietist attitude, however, did not stop them from Boroudscherdi to assert its influence in important political issues. Set against the emancipation of women and land reform, he issued on 16 May 1960 fatwa against the reforms of the Shah. Out of consideration for Boroudscherdi his reform program put the Shah in order after the death of Boroujerdi and after a series of concessions to the clergy, which should go down as White Revolution in the history of Iran. Thus, the teaching of Islam was extended in schools, entertainment prohibited in public places and in public institutions during religious holidays, the obligation of the Shah to stand up for the Shiite Islam, renewed, increased government support for the construction of mosques and the number of pilgrims, could travel with the support of public funds to Mecca, increased.

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1970 polemic against Boroujerdi later in his treatise Hokumat -e eslami ( The Islamic State ) and referred to him and others as pseudo Pious:

" Because they form an obstacle in the way of our reforms and our movement. They made us their hands tied. In the name of Islam, they add to the harm to Islam. "

Quote

Husayn Boroujerdi is attributed the following quote on the occasion of the overthrow of Mohammad Mossadegh in 1953:

"We, the clergy are to establish an Islamic state? We ... would be a hundred times larger than the criminals who are now in power. "