Shadow play
The shadow play, even shadow theater is a form of theater in which a story is told by shadows are cast on an illuminated surface.
- 5.1 Difference between tradition and modernity
- 5.2 Extension of the dramaturgical possibilities 5.2.1 Shadow Theatre Centre, Festival and courses
Shadow
To produce the two-dimensional shadow, sometimes with colored film -covered figures, which are guided closely to the screen are often used. Three-dimensional figures or actors can throw the shadow on the screen. When the light source is point-like behind the screen, figures are also keen to see if they are further away from the screen. They appear then enlarged or distorted proportions. Contrast, there is a diffuse light source, the figures appear only sharp when they are close to the screen. Multiple colored light sources can result in the production of colored shadow images. "Negative " shadow can be achieved if you use a template that fills the entire screen. This figure appears white. Some shadow puppets have a mechanism to allow movements seem real.
Audience
In a translucent projection screen, the audience usually sits on the side facing away from the light source. Especially when Indonesian shadow theater ( wayang ) viewers can choose to watch from the back of the stage play of shadows the Shadow player at work.
Sound
In the shadow generating the hearing and the visual impressions can take place separately. A spokesman tells the story as a shadow player creates the shadows.
History
The Chinese shadow theater (皮影戏, Píyǐngxì ), the Wayang Kulit theater - in Indonesia and the Nang Yai or Nang Talung in Thailand have a centuries-old tradition. In the Middle Ages the shadow play came to Asia Minor, where it still has as Karagöztheater during Ramadan tradition. During the Ottoman rule it came to Greece, where it says Karagiozis. After Europe, the shadow theater was probably, however, directly from Asia. Here it replaced as a community theater, especially in rural areas, the classic theater for the underclass. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the shadow play enjoyed great popularity in Europe, especially in France as ombres chinois.
History of the art of shadow theater in Germany
Since the heyday of shadow theater in the Romantic period were mainly in France ( " Chat noir" ) and later in Germany ( " Schwabing Shadow Games") is developing more efficient movement figures. With plug-in mechanisms, the player can fix figures on a rail game. So it is possible to make more differentiated animation over the traditional moving alone the arms of the figure also. This development is promoted in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century, especially EM Engert and M. Cordes that gave rise to coupling of figure parts and thread trains amazingly vibrant acting scenes. Middle of the 20th century continued the mechanical engineer Otto Kraemer with many productions and publications new standards. Every two years there is a festival of traditional shadow theater in Hanover.
Modern Shadow Theater
This modern shadow theater has developed since about 1980 and is widespread in Europe, North America, Australia and Japan. When his pioneer apply Fabrizio Montecchi the " Teatro Gioco Vita " from Italy, Luc Amoros of the " Compagnie Amoros et Augustin " from France and who died in 1998 Swiss physicist Rudolf ram.
Difference between tradition and modernity
Located Draws the traditional Asian shadow play has always been one fixed light, flat out on the rectangular shade screen characters and behind the canvas players from which contemporary shadow theater, however, is a lively form of expression can be moved in both the light and the shadow of objects in space.
The trigger for this new form of theater has been the development of the halogen light, the small punctate Abstrahlquelle allows a clear outline of the shadow, even if the shadow-casting figure is lifted and moved by the shadow screen.
Extension of the dramaturgical possibilities
The halogen light led to an expansion of the display. By removing the object from the shadow shield of shadow can also be distorted and stretched and is no longer solely a reflection of the figure. By moving the figures in space at constant sharpness of the contour on the shadow screen also three-dimensional figures and scene images can be used and create seemingly three-dimensional silhouettes. It is played not only behind but also in front of the screen. Due to the sharpness of the image, which is produced by halogen light, it is possible to use new materials such as glass profile, color and polarization films. By using flow controllers ( dimmers ) and iris, the dramatic devices of the genre expand.
Shadow Theatre Centre, Festival and courses
1988 took place the first shadow theater festival in Schwäbisch Gmünd at the initiative of Rainer Reusch. A year later an International Shadow Theatre Centre ( ILC ) in collaboration with the World Association of Puppeteers ( UNIMA ) was founded. An archive of information on major platforms has been established that explores hitherto little- known contemporary shadow theater, published the results in four books and produced a film called "shadow worlds ". Moreover, since 2008, courses are offered in the modern shadow theater.