Shah

Shah (Persian شاه, DMG Šāh ) is the Persian word for king and thus the most important Persian rulers title. He was ( the Great in ancient Persian texts with Cyrus: xshâya ) in Persia or in Iran or Iranian -influenced area in ancient times, at the time of the Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanids used, and then remained in the Islamic period still in use. So called up to the Iranian revolution in 1979, inter alia, the Safavids, the Qajars and the Pahlavi rulers " Shah ", but also the Afghan ruler of the 18th, 19th and early 20th century (1926 to the overthrow of the monarchy in 1973 ). In addition, Shah is often part of their name, eg by name Shahbaz.

Variants

Among the most important and oldest variations of the Shah's title belongs the returning to the Achaemenid form Shahanshah (also Shahinshah, شاهنشاه, Middle Persian Sahan -SAH ), which represents an increase and " the kings king ," meaning " great king " or " Kaiser " means. Shahanshah always was (originally ) only a supreme, the most powerful monarch at the same time be. In addition to the Persian rulers (up to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ) carried this coveted title also small Asian or Transcaucasian great kings such as Mithridates VI. Tigranes II of Pontus or Armenia. After the fall of the Sassanids by the Arabs, the title was again introduced by the Buyids.

The side form padishah Padeschah or Padschah ( pādešāh پادشاه Modern Persian, Ottoman پادشاه or پادشه ) is composed of the ancient Iranian words patiy (Adv. "on something to counter, but many times " ) and xšāyaθiya (" walt forming ruler, King " derived from the verb XSA (y ) -" fortune prevail " ) and means something like" over the kingdom walt forming ruler ". This variation of the Shah's title has been mainly applied to the sultans of the Ottoman Empire ( until 1922 ) and the rulers of the Indian Mughal Empire ( until 1858 ).

As a regional variations existed among other forms of Khorezm Shah ( " Shah of Khorezm " ), Shirvan Shah ( " Shah of Shirvan " ) and Shah -i Arman ( " Shah of the Armenians ").

Derivations

Directly derived from the famous Ottoman Sultan 's title pasha.

Shah - zade is called in Persian prince shah - zade - chanom or shah - shah -zan wick princess and queen. The Turkish form Şehzade was an Ottoman title.

The title of his wife Farah Diba changed Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1961 in Shah Banu.

Chess

The name of the game of chess is derived from the word Shah. Checkmate is attributed to the term shah mat (SAH MAT - " the King is helpless / beaten ").