Shepherds' Crusade (1251)

The name Shepherds crusade, Pastor Ellen, also Shepherd sect Pastoureaux; English Shepherds ' Crusade; French Croisade of Pastoureaux refers to two different events of the 13th and 14th centuries.

The first shepherd crusade was in 1251 during the Sixth Crusade, or according to English / French count Seventh Crusade, instead.

Course

In the years 1249-1250 there was King Louis IX. the saint ( Saint Louis IX le ) on the crusade in Egypt. He failed in the siege of the fortress al - Mansura in East Delta, had to retreat and fell on 6 April 1250 the way back to base Frankish Damietta in Egyptian captivity. When this news reached France the following year, both nobles and peasants were deeply affected; the king was much loved and it was inconceivable for them that could be defeated such a pious man of "heathens". One of the support measures adopted in northern France in the form of a peasant movement, led by a man only known as the " champions of Hungary " or " Master Jacob of Hungary " (Fr. Maître de Hongrie (Job, Jacob or Jacques), English. Master of Hungary) was known. He was apparently a very old Hungarian monk who lived in France.

The Master alleged that it was the Virgin Mary appeared and I told him, the shepherds or Pastoreaux ( German: Pastor Ellen ), of France to lead, as they were called in France to the Holy Land to save Louis. His followers, whose number is said to have amounted to 60,000, were mostly young country people: men, women and children from Brabant, Hainaut, Flanders and Picardy. They followed him to Paris in May, where the master with Blanche of Castile met, the mother of Louis IX. , Who ruled during his absence. Matthew Paris thought he was a fraud and in fact one of the leaders of the Children's Crusade, which had previously taken place in the same century. Their movement in the city was limited. It was not allowed to enter the left bank, where the University of Paris was because Blanka any further unrest feared that were associated with the student unrest at the University of Paris in 1229.

In any case, the amount of Pastorellen split after they had left the city on. Some of them went to Rouen, where they sold the archbishop and some priests threw into the Seine. At Tours they attacked monasteries. The other under the guidance of the Master arrived in Orléans on June 11. Here they were condemned by the bishop, whom they also attacked as well as other clerics, including the Franciscans and Dominicans. They also fought with university students in the city, what Blanka had already feared for Paris. They moved first to Amiens and then to Bourges, where their aggressiveness was also directed against the Jewish inhabitants.

Blanka replied with orders to round up the hordes and to excommunicate. This was easily done because they just aimlessly roamed in northern France, but cited by the Master Group made outside of Bourges resistance, and the Master was killed in the ensuing skirmish.

The crusade seems to have been more of a revolt against the French church and the nobility, who were thought they had left Louis in the lurch; Pastor Ellen had of course no idea of ​​the fate of Louis or from the logistics, which was associated with the company of a crusade to his rescue. After he had been scattered, some followers traveled to Aquitaine and England, where they were forbidden to preach. Others took off a crusade vow and may have really made the crusade.

Note

Sources and Literature

• Matthew Paris, Chronica majora ( 7 volumes London. 1872-1883. Rolls Series 57)
• Chroniques de St. Denis, in Recueil des Historiens the Gauls et de la France, XXI, 115 ff
• Margaret Wade Labarge, Saint Louis: The Life of Louis IX of France. London, 1968.
• Ernest Lavisse, Histoire de France, Tome Troisième, II, Paris, 1901.
• Régine Pernoud, La Reine Blanche. Paris, 1972.
• Dictionnaire universel d' histoire et de géographie ( Hachette - Paris 1867)
• . Francisque Michel: Job ou les Pastoureaux: 1251 Paris: Vimont, 1832 ( Moeurs du Moyen Age, 1) - Microfiche Out: Wild Mountain: Belser Wiss. .. Services, 1989 - 1990 (Edition Corvey ) Contains: Audefroi -le- Batard: 1272; ISBN 3-628-58406- X
• Reinhold reeds: The Pastor Ellen ( 1251 ), Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Volume 6 (1884 ), pp. 0-295.
• Élie Berger: Histoire de Blanche de Castille, reine de France. Paris 1895 ( in Bibliothèque des écoles francaises d' Athènes et de Rome, vol. Lxx. )

Additional literature

• Norman Cohn: The new earthly paradise. Revolutionary millenarianism and mystical anarchism in medieval Europe. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek 1988, ISBN 3-499-55472-0 ( rowohlts encyclopedia ).
• Ernst pulse Fort. LUDWIG IX, King of France. In: Biographic- bibliographic church encyclopedia ( BBKL ). Volume 5, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-043-3, 364-366 Sp. (Articles / Articles beginning possibly in the Internet Archive )